探討文物修護介入的程度：以國立故宮博物院之破碎與脫膠藏品的修復為例

Artifact Conservation and the Degree of Intervention: A Case Study on Conserving Damaged and Adhesion Failure of Collections at the National Palace Museum

陳澄波(Chen-Po Chen)

《博物館與文化》 19期 (2020/06) Pp. 95-124

摘要

本文以國立故宮博物院之破損和脫膠文物的修護案為引，探討修護時應處理至何種程度，較能符合博物館之現況與實際需求。文初將先解析破損文物的劣化成因，如陶瓷的開裂破損、木質文物的脫膠與缺損等，再以個案方式陳述修護的原委，探討修護之目的不僅只有穩定文物為優先前提的選項，也應視文物實際現況考量復原其原始功能，或是從審美價值的觀點進行適當的全色與復原。此外，隨著博物館藏品分類越趨成熟，產生考古、美術、工藝、人類學、自然史等分野與定義，文物也因此衍生出歷史、宗教、文化、美學、功能等價值觀，並依其屬性與核心價值，實際上在修護時亦可將其劃分為歷史、美學、功能性等三種主要之面像，不應僅以修舊如舊或最小干預等定義模糊的字彙，作為縱貫修護工作或研究報告的主軸，而是應經由博物館專業人員的研究、溝通與詮釋後，在歷史、美學、功能性中取得平衡，以決定文物修護的方向，並彰顯不同博物館的核心價值於世人面前。

關鍵字

破損文物 ； 修舊如舊 ； 最小干預 ； 歷史價值 ； 審美價值

並列摘要

This article takes the case of conserving damaged and adhesion failure artifacts at the National Palace Museum to discuss the degree that conservation should intervene in order to serve the museum's present conditions and practical needs. The article begins with an analysis of the causes of degradation of damaged artifacts, such as cracks and fragmentation on ceramics, adhesion failure and chipping of wooden artifacts, followed by a case-by-case account of the reasons and objectives for museum conservation. This research argues that in addition to satisfying the priority of sustaining artifacts, conservation is required to restore an artifact's original functions based on its present condition, with appropriate retouching and reconstruction from an aesthetic perspective. Furthermore, with the development of the classification of museum collections, categories such as archeology, fine arts, craftsmanship, anthropology, natural history have emerged. Artifacts have also become associated with different values, such as historical, religious, cultural, aesthetic and functional values. From the perspective of conservation, these can be grouped into three core values: historical, aesthetic and functional. This research argues that ambiguous phrases such as ＂conserving the original appearance of old artifacts＂ or ＂minimal intervention,＂ should not be used as the premise for conducting conservation nor used in publishing study reports. Instead, museums should strike a balance between historical, aesthetic and functional values through research, negotiation and interpretation by professionals, which will further determine the course of artifact conservation and highlight the core values of different types of museums.

並列關鍵字

damaged artifacts ； conserving original appearance of artifacts ； minimal intervention ； historical value ； aesthetic value