數位時代下博物館學習經驗的權力轉移

Power Transition of Museum Learning in the Digital Age

高于鈞(Yu-Chun Kao)

《博物館與文化》 20期 (2020/12) Pp. 135-169

摘要

隨著數位科技全面地進入我們的生活，許多博物館選擇藉由引入數位裝置來回應觀眾的需求。然而，數位時代不僅為現代人帶來器用上的改變，Web 2.0時代的到來更扭轉了資訊傳播的單向性，使今日具有「數位素養」的「數位居民」產生了全新的知識生產模式。本文以數位素養為切入點，討論博物館觀眾成為數位居民後的行為反應。研究方法以《生態想想》為個案，配合文獻探討、館員訪談、觀眾研究與現場觀察進行多角檢證。結果顯示，數位時代加速了過去家庭團體和博物館中教學權力的交換與鬆動。首先，數位科技的導入使博物館進一步成為家庭團體中教與學角色反轉的舞台，更提供了代間認同與相互學習的場域。更重要的是，「數位居民」在博物館中反映了他們對「參與」的高度需求，他們不再刻意追求相對詮釋權力者（博物館）提供的知識內容，相反地，他們更重視個人的體驗與理解，甚至期待能與博物館產生對話並參與思辨。綜上，本文認為博物館必須要意識到數位時代的觀眾轉變，盡力提供足以促成「對話」的空間與要素，以期待博物館與來訪觀眾能透過直接且相互合作的方式，向公眾展示一個更加多元的社會。

關鍵字

數位素養 ； 知識權威 ； 參與 ； 新媒體環境

並列摘要

As the we enter the digital age, many museums choose to respond to the needs of their visitors by incorporating digital devices in exhibition spaces and educational programs. The digital age has not only changed the tools we use in everyday life, but also the way information is disseminated, which allows the ＂digital resident＂ with ＂digital literacy＂ to develop new modes of knowledge production. This paper takes digital literacy as a starting point to examine the behavior and reactions of museum visitors with high digital literacy. Taking ＂ Eco-Rethink: NPM x LYM x NTM Joint Exhibition ＂ as a case study, this research is informed through interviews with museum staffs, visitor research and participant observation. The result shows that the digital age has accelerated the exchange and loosening of power transition on education within family groups and museums. First, digital technology has allowed museums to become a platform to reverse teaching and learning roles in family groups, while also providing a field for intergenerational identification and mutual learning. On the other hand, the ＂digital residents＂ interviewed and observed in this research, reflected a high demand for museum participation. They no longer simply pursue knowledge provided by museum staffs (conventionally known as interpreter of knowledge). Instead, these visitors pay more attention to their own discoveries, and are eager to dialogue with each other as well as the museum. In conclusion, this research argues that museums must be aware of the changing visitorship in the digital age and strive to provide spaces and opportunities for ＂conversation.＂ Though direct and mutual cooperation, museums can form a more diverse society for the public.

並列關鍵字

digital literacy ； epistemic authority ； participation ； new mediascape