以嘉義獄政博物館論析國家權力的空間再現

Analysis on the Spatial Representation of State Power: A Case Study of the Chiayi Prison Museum

許彥民(Yen-Min Hsu) ； 洪富峰(Fu-Feng Hung)

《博物館與文化》 22期 (2021/12) Pp. 133-166

摘要

嘉義獄政博物館原為嘉義舊監，於1922年竣工啟用，1994年受刑人遷至嘉義縣鹿草監獄，於2005年經內政部公告為國定古蹟，為全臺保存完整的日治時期監獄建築。本文以地理學的視角探討獄政博物館空間再現的課題。研究方法採質性訪談法與問卷調查法：質性訪談對象為嘉義舊監參訪者10位；問卷調查回收有效樣本數共有516份。研究結果顯示：一，獄政博物館的空間再現，獄政博物館是規訓與展演的雙重性，再現權力治理與監獄空間密切相涉。二，釐清獄政博物館的定位，政府透過法律條文的保護，並責成主管機關文化部與管理機關法務部的雙元性。筆者認為獄政博物館既是監獄也是博物館，透過展演空間再現規訓的作用，同時作為過去監獄檢視現在臺灣監獄樣貌、構造、功能的演變歷程。換言之，舊監空間變化即是地理空間的改變，而其改變卻扣連時間脈絡的發展。舊監的發展歷程是歷史發展下政權政策與符號再現的結果。鑒於現今嘉義舊監屬法務部矯正署嘉義監獄為管理單位，研究建議法務部矯正署可以進行一連串監獄主題的常設展，打破監獄與社會的藩籬，將監獄的生活空間透過展覽，傳達意象予參訪者，搭配全臺唯一保存的日治時期賓州制的監獄，建築一如時代的索引，透過展覽的鋪排、論述，使參訪者對監獄的社會充滿想像。

關鍵字

博物館 ； 規訓空間 ； 空間再現 ； 獄政博物館

並列摘要

This study discusses the subject of representations of space in the Prison Museum from the perspective of geography. In the research method, qualitative interview and questionnaire survey are adopted: The qualitative interview objects 10 visitors of Chiayi old prison；A total of 516 valid samples were collected from the questionnaire survey. The Results section shows: First, the representations of space in Prison Museum, which is the duality of discipline and performance, is closely related to the power governance and prison space. Second, The Prison Museum is both a prison and a museum. It reproduces the role of discipline through the exhibition space and at the same time examines the evolution of the appearance, structure, and function of the current Taiwan prison as a prison in the past. The research suggests that the Corrections Department of the Ministry of Justice can conduct a series of permanent exhibitions on prison themes, breaking the barriers between prisons and society, and conveying images to the participants through the exhibitions of the prison's living space. The visitors are matched with the only preserved Penalty state prison during the Japanese Occupation period in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

museum ； disciplined space ； representations of space ； prison museum