博物館在地協力對地方發展影響之研究：以桃園市立大溪木藝生態博物館為例

The Study of the Influence of Local Collaboration of Museums on Local Development: The Case of Daxi Wood Art Ecomuseum of Taoyuan City

王新衡(Sin-Heng Wang)

《博物館與文化》 22期 (2021/12) Pp. 167-206

摘要

新時代的博物館經營強調社會責任與貢獻，館所必須以在地協作方式貢獻於地方的經濟發展、社會資本與幸福感。桃園市立大溪木藝生態博物館（以下簡稱木博館）結合公有館與街角館共同保存大溪傳統街區歷史、郊區與農村文化，以博物館思維轉化長年社區營造的成果與能量，延續過去傳統街區保存的使命與願景。因此，本研究以國際博物館協會（International Council of Museums，以下簡稱ICOM）擬定的「地方政府、社區與博物館操作指南」作為評估指標，探討木博館如何以多元組織協力下保存活用有形與無形文化資產，並且以地方學作為強化社會實踐，以及如何操作與協作以達成合作夥伴關係。從中發現依據指南的評估指標可確實評估博物館在地協作下對地方的影響力，以木博館的願景使命到行動方案評估之，亦符合ICOM所倡議的博物館在地夥伴關係建構，顯見博物館在地協作的方法對於地方發展的影響力密切相關。本研究發現街角館、社頭、木職人成為木博館在地夥伴最關鍵的因素在於以「住民共學」理念取代「計畫補助」形式，以夥伴關係取代上對下的考核機制。街角館計畫鼓勵各館以系統化與整合化的串聯機制，自主性地建構協議平臺，從中促進街角館的永續經營與博物館在地夥伴關係之強化，讓在地反客為主更致力於博物館事業與地方文化保存與推廣。

關鍵字

在地參與 ； 社會責任 ； 大溪木藝生態博物館 ； 街角博物館

並列摘要

The modern management and operation of museums focus on social responsibility and contribution, and the museums themselves must contribute to local economic development, social capital, and happiness in the manner of local collaboration. The Daxi Wood Art Ecomuseum of Taoyuan City (hereinafter referred to as DWAEM) combines the Public Museums and the Corner Houses to preserve the historical assets of Daxi's traditional neighborhoods, suburbs, and rural culture, and transforms the achievements and energy of long-term community development with museum thinking and ideas to continue mission and vision of preserving the local traditional neighborhoods. It combines the community development movement of the local consensus and the operation of the ecomuseum to preserve, study and construct the overall beneficial cultural environment of Daxi. This study adopts the evaluation indicators from the ＂Culture and Local Development: Maximizing the Impact, A GUIDE FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, COMMUNITIES AND MUSEUMS＂ (the Guide) presented by the International Council of Museums (ICOM) to explore how DWAEM can preserve and make good use of tangible and intangible cultural assets in the manner of multi-organizational collaboration, improve the social practice based on ＂Local Historic Studies＂, and learn to efficiently collaborate with local organizations to achieve meaningful partnerships. It is found that the evaluation indicators based on the Guide could indeed effectively evaluate the influence of the museum on the locals in the manner of local collaboration. By examining the vision, mission, and action plans of DWAEM using the Guide, we also find that they are in line with the idea of the local partnership of museums proposed by ICOM. Therefore, the ways museums perform local participation and the concept of ecomuseum do have a significant influence on local development. In addition, we find that the key factor for the Corner Houses, Parade Formation and Carpenter to become a local partner of DWAEM is replacing the concept of ＂project subsidy＂ with the idea of ＂resident learning＂, in which the top-to-bottom evaluation mechanism is replaced with partnership without abandoning the consistency with the aforementioned social responsibility indicators proposed by ICOM.

並列關鍵字

local participation ； social responsibility ； Daxi Wood Art Ecomuseum ； street corner museum