政權公約與日本民主治理的發展：以民主黨政權公約的運作為例

Manifesto and Japan's Democratic Governance: An Example from the Operation of DPJ Manifesto

李世暉(Shih-Hui Li)

《民主與治理》 3卷1期 (2016/02) Pp. 1-29

https://doi.org/10.3966/2311505X2016020301001

摘要

當代的民主政治是以政黨政治為主要運作形式，而以責任政治為重要內涵，並透過「制度性安排」的選舉，讓人民擁有機會選擇或淘汰組織政府、推行政務的政黨與政治人物。在此一民主政治運作的過程中，政權公約扮演「連繫機制」的作用，讓責任政治與政黨政治連結起來，也成為體現民主治理的重要機制。日本自2003 年實施政權公約制度之後，日本民主黨便積極以政權公約塑造政黨形象，並於2009 年完成政黨輪替而取得政權。民主黨在政權公約形成、落實與評價等各階段的政治活動，是促進當代日本政治的課責與實現民主治理的重要過程。然而，若實際探討民主黨內閣執行包括「事業預算費用甄別」在內的政權公約情形，可以發現其存在著三項本質上的限制：第一是受到政權公約類型的制約，第二是受到新政官關係的制約，第三是缺乏正確的自我評量工具。

關鍵字

日本民主黨 ； 民主治理 ； 事業預算費用甄別 ； 政權公約

並列摘要

In the present age, the distinguishing features of democracy are the party politics and the responsive politics. Citizens could elect or re-elect the party and the politician through the institutional arrangement. In this democratic process, the manifesto plays the role of linkage mechanism. It is not only the linkage between party politics and the responsive politics, but also the mechanism of improving the democratic governance. After the implement of Manifesto system in 2003, the DPJ tried hard to form the new party image by focusing on the manifesto. The formation, enforcement and evaluation of DPJ's manifesto could be considered as important process of Japan's political accountability and democratic governance. However, the enforcement of DPJ government's manifesto, for example the budget screening policy, was confronted by following three limiting factors: the types of the manifesto, the new relationship between politicians and bureaucrats, and the deficiency of right methods for valuing.

並列關鍵字

DPJ ； democratic governance ； budget screening ； manifesto