黃仲則〈雲棲寺〉之內容意蘊與章法結構探析

黃仲則在政治失意時，浪遊至杭州時，造訪西湖勝景中最荒僻幽遠的「雲棲竹徑」的寺廟，作〈雲棲寺〉一詩，希望藉由遊寺參禪滌除心垢，期許內心清淨，在物我兩忘遊憩之中，忘卻仕途失意之苦。筆者首先探源因蓮池大師居此而成名的「雲棲寺」的創建與興衰，以及簡介蓮池大師生平。此詩縱橫交錯描寫入山不易，造訪聖地極為高深險峻，看似散漫無章，實則章法結構謹嚴明暢，切扣詩題。本文試圖從辭章學來分析此詩之章法結構，探討其內容意蘊，細究其運用「凡目凡」章法結構，以「底圖」、「賓主」法強化「寺以僧而得名」，以「平提側收」法總結山路難行，輸給鼪鼷輩，感嘆人生無法全然操縱在己。最後強化出全詩的核心思想，展開深度的人生哲理與佛學智慧。

關鍵字

黃仲則；雲棲寺；章法結構；佛學

並列摘要

When Huang Zhongze suffered the political frustration, he traveled to Hangzhou, and visited the desolatest, remotest and farthest ＂Clouds Lingering on the Bamboo-lined Path＂ temple, and then wrote ＂Yunqi (clouds lingering) Temple＂ poem. He expected to purify defilements of the mind and Suddhi (desiring nothing and concentrating on your mind) by visiting the temple and studying Zen. When he visited the temple to forget myself and any else (i.e., self and nature become each other), he expected to forget the suffering of the career frustration. We first explore the source of the rise and fall of the famous temple (Yunqi Temple) which Master Lotus Pond (Zhu Hong, a Chinese Buddhist leader) lived there, and then introduce the life of Master Lotus Pond. This is an intricate poem. This poem describes that to enter the mountain is not easy, and visits the sacred space which is high and dangerously steep. Despite a seeming lack of organization, in actuality, the poem is meticulously and precisely structured, clear, and smooth. In this paper, we try to analyze the organization structure of this poem from a rhetorical point of view, to discuss the underlying meanings. On closer inspection, this poem utilized the ＂the generic/the specific/the generic＂ approach (main organization structures), and used the ＂Foreground/ Background＂ and the ＂Guests and Master＂ methods to strengthen ＂this temple is famous because this monk lived there.＂ Moreover, he used that the ＂Overall expounding and Curved ending＂ theory to conclude that although the mountain road is difficult to climb, still lose to the dishonest, despicable and sneaky people, and then bemoaned that life can't be completely controlled by myself. Finally, he strengthened the core idea of this poem: after all, people have to face the hardships and challenges of life, and continue to work hard after the break. This is the strong spiritual support by Buddhism.