藥毒所病蟲害診斷中心果樹案件剖析

Analysis of Fruit Cases by the TACTRI Diagnosis Center

戴肇鋒(Chao-Feng Tai) ； 李祈益(Chi-Yi Li) ； 蘇秋竹(Chiou-Chu Su)

《臺灣農藥科學》 4期 (2018/06) Pp. 37-52

https://doi.org/10.6671/TPS/2018.004.03

摘要

農業藥物毒物試驗所（以下簡稱藥毒所）之病蟲害診斷自1974年起服務，並於2001年起將資料系統化。本研究分析藥毒所2001至2016年所有果樹診斷合計4,235件，包含28科46種作物，其中以芸香科之柑桔類1,144件最多。樣本來源多數來自臺灣中部之縣市，最多者為臺中及南投。案件中非病蟲害因子占45.1%，又各項病蟲害之統計以柑桔薊馬之90件最多。案件數多的病蟲害中，以柑桔類薊馬、紅龍果莖潰瘍病、草莓炭疽病為例，試圖以送件之當月天氣資料配合果樹栽種時期，分析其病蟲害之發生趨勢，可發現柑桔薊馬以4至10月之整枝、疏花果至幼果期發生較嚴重；紅龍果莖潰瘍病以6至9月之疏花果期較嚴重；草莓炭疽病以7至11月之育苗與假植期較嚴重。由於各案件樣本數、各縣市地形、微氣候與送樣來源的不同，無法明確連結詳細之病蟲害發生與氣候之關聯。未來案件追蹤會再將非病蟲害因子細分為「肥培管理問題」、「營養元素缺乏」、「施藥技術問題」等細項。除提供診斷依據外，亦希望藉由持續蒐集資料與農民教育等方式，提供更精準之害物發生預防與防治方式。又氣象局近年廣設觀測站，往後可藉由細部氣象資料，針對病蟲害有更好之預測模式。診斷資訊已網路線上化，期望未來可藉由電腦自動判讀功能提供民眾自行診斷之方法。

關鍵字

病蟲害診斷 ； 果樹 ； 氣象

並列摘要

Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute (TACTRI) began to offer the pest diagnosis of plant in 1974 and developed the information system in 2001. The current study analyzed 4,235 cases involving fruit (from 28 families and 46 crops) from 2001 to 2016. These cases primarily originated in the central regions of Taiwan, especially Taichung and Nantou, and 1,144 of them involved citrus. Of these cases, 45.1% were found to not be caused by disease or pests, and the most common type of disease or pest to affect crops was citrus thrips (90 identified cases). We used cases of citrus thrips, pitaya stem canker, and strawberry anthracnose to analyze the relationship between climate variables and the period of orchard cultivation. Citrus thrips were mainly found between April and October, the period in which pruning, fruit thinning, and young fruit growth occur. Pitaya stem cankers were mainly found between June and September, the period in which flower and fruit pruning occur. Strawberry anthracnose was mainly found between July and November, the period in which seedling propagation and heel-in occur. It is challenging to make the relation between diagnosis cases and climate because of differences pertaining to regional terrain, micro-climate, and type of sample source. In the future, the TACTRI diagnosis center will continue to track cases of compromised fruit crops and categorize them as ＂not caused by disease nor pest＂, ＂problem related to fertilizer management＂, ＂lack of trace elements＂, ＂problem with pesticide application＂, and so on. In addition to the provision of diagnostic results, we aim to provide fruit farmers with precise methods that can be used to predict and control plant diseases and pests. Official meteorological monitoring stations set up broadly recent years, and this should allow for future improvements in predictive modeling related to plant diseases and pests. TACTRI will also make diagnostic data imported to the online information system to facilitate farmers to independently diagnose problems with fruit crops via assistance of automatic interpretation program.

並列關鍵字

plant disease and pest diagnosis ； fruit ； climate