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臺灣引起長豇豆花器葉化症植物菌質體之特性分析

Identification and Characterization of Phyllody Phytoplasma Associated with Vigna sesquipedalis in Taiwan

摘要


長豇豆[Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]為一年生草本植物,原產於印度,在臺灣被稱為菜豆,營養價值高又可全年供應,為臺灣重要的豆科蔬菜。長豇豆喜溫暖、日照充足的氣候,耐熱耐旱耐濕,再生力亦強,主要產地為屏東、高雄、彰化、雲林、新北及嘉義等縣市。2015年7月於雲林縣水林鄉首次發現疑似植物菌質體感染的長豇豆病株,罹病株呈現花器葉化、葉片叢生、葉片黃化且明顯變小等系統性病徵,罹病植株幾無產量,該園之發生率為4%。切取罹病組織進行超薄切片觀察,可於篩管內發現植物菌質體存在,植物菌質體呈現大小不一致之形態。萃取罹病株之植物總量DNA後,以植物菌質體廣效性引子對F1/F7及R16F2n/R16R2進行巢式聚合酶連鎖反應,可增幅得到F2nR2序列片段,確認為植物菌質體所引起。以16S rDNA基因片段與基因庫登錄之不同植物菌質體16Sr分群之菌系進行比較,並以最大似然法繪製親緣關係樹狀圖,得知臺灣長豇豆花器葉化症與澳洲、中國及緬甸危害豇豆的植物菌質體菌系歸屬於為同一群。同時將16S rDNA序列於網站模擬17種限制酵素的酶切作用進行限制酵素片段長度多型性分析,結果亦顯示在臺灣與澳洲、中國及緬甸危害豇豆的植物菌質體皆歸屬於16Sr II-A群。

並列摘要


In July 2015, Vigna sesquipedalis (cowpea plants) with phytoplasma-like symptoms were found in Shuilin Township, Yunlin County in Taiwan. The systemic symptoms on these plants included phyllody, witches'-broom, the proliferation of small leaves, and leaf yellowing. Transmission electron microscopy, PCR detection, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to identify the pathogen, which was determined to be phytoplasma. Micrographs revealed pleomorphic phytoplasma particles in the sieve tubes of symptom V. sesquipedalisa. Nested PCR assays with P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 universal phytoplasma primers further detected a 1.8 kb product and an 1.2 kb product. A phylogenetic tree using the maximum likelihood method and virtual RFLP analysis with an iPhyClassifier based on 16S rDNA both revealed that this cowpea phyllody phytoplasma belongs to 16SrII-A group.

並列關鍵字

Vigna unguiculata phytoplasma phyllody

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