臺灣地區博物館內使用木質板材之基本性質與甲醛釋出量基礎研究

博物館所蒐藏的文物經由專業人員整理研究後，進而需透過展示的手法，將之有系統地呈現於世人面前；而價格便宜、加工性方便的木質材料（合板、粒片板），便成為大部分展示設計人員規劃設計時最優先考慮使用的材料之一。木質材料除具有前述之優點外，尚有調節微環境溫溼度的功用，藉此有助於穩定展示空間之相對溼度變化，對於終年高溫多溼的臺灣氣候而言，是相當有利的。但它對文物亦有潛在威脅之處，如粒片板中的膠合劑含有甲醛，遇到溼氣會形成有害的蟻酸，對金屬具有腐蝕性，對紙質文物會加速酸化。而木質板類的甲醛釋出量，會隨著各家製造廠商膠合劑配方、製造技術之不同而異，因此有必要針對國內常使用之各品牌合板、粒片版，進行全面性的測試調查，完成資料庫備查，提供博物館界爾後使用上之參考依據。本研究係針對經濟部工業局及臺灣區合板產業公會，提供之進口粒片板與合板廠商名錄，購買不同廠牌之粒片板（6家）與合板（16家）各三張供試驗之用。依據中國國家標準CNS 2215（1999）粒片板檢驗法規範，分別進行密度、含水率、靜曲強度試驗；以乾燥器法進行甲醛釋出量測試。結果得知全部試材之物理性質皆符合中國國家標準之規定，在博物館展示設計上將可提供足夠之強度。而在甲醛釋出量測試方面，粒片板僅IG一組達到E1級（1.5mg/L以下）標準，合板的16組試材中則有II、IB與M三組達到F2級（5.0∼7.0mg/L）標準要求，因此，對於臺灣地區博物館之文物保存與展示場之布置，建議以這四種市售板材為材料。

關鍵字

保存環境；木質板類；相對溼度；博物館；游離甲醛

並列摘要

Cheap and process-friendly wooden materials such as plywood and particleboard are the first choice of exhibition planners when designing an exhibition hall. Wooden materials can adjust the temperature and humidity of the microenvironment to help stabilize the relative humidity, which is important in Taiwan where temperature and humidity are high. H o w e v e r, wooden materials pose potential threats to cultural relics. For instance, the binding substances in particleboard contain formaldehyde, which becomes formic acid in the presence of high humidity. Formic acid is corrosive to and acidifies paper-based cultural relics. The amount of formaldehyde released from wooden materials varies in accordance with the ingredients used in the binding substances and the production technology. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an integral test and an investigation into the plywood and particleboard used in Taiwan in order to establish a database for museums. The researchers purchased three types of particleboard (from six companies) and three types of plywood (from 16 companies), based on a list of plywood and particleboard suppliers provided by the Industrial Development Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Taiwan Engineered Wood Association. In compliance with the regulations governing CNS 2215 (1999) particleboard testing, density, moisture content and static bending strength tests were conducted. A desiccator was used to test the value of formaldehyde release. The results show that all of the materials tested complied with CNS standards, and were of suitable strength for museum exhibitions. As to the results of formaldehyde release tests, one set of particle boards met the standards of E1 level (lower than 1.5 mg/L), and three out of 16 sets of plywood, II, IB, and M, met the requirements of F2 level (5.0∼7.0 mg/L). In conclusion, these four types of materials are recommended to help preserve cultural relics and for exhibition planning in Taiwan's museums.