博物館物件與歷史製作：澎湖縣西嶼鄉二崁聚落的例子

博物館長久以來與觀衆之間溝通所不可或缺的媒介就是「物件」，透過物件，不可見的「過去」得以「具現」。然而，在記憶與歷史交織之下，博物館物件所具現的「過去」為何？博物館詮釋某一物件的價值時，藉由物件所解釋的是什麼樣的「生產」？博物館物件的展示、收藏、保存與維護，事實上涉及了物件所處的社會文化脈絡。我們也看到人與人之間的溝通、歷史與記憶的建構，經常仰賴著一些物件，而這些物件的認知與使用方式，卻往往又與人們身處的社會文化相關。本文係以澎湖縣西嶼鄉二崁村為研究場域，藉由二崁聚落對於具有祖先遷徙史意涵的「鎮村之寶」之詮釋，探討博物館物件與歷史文化之間的關聯性。透過二崁傳統博物館蒐藏品(museum collections)的研究，我們得以瞭解一個二崁聚落的社會文化體系如何詮釋事物、如何賦予客體意義，而這也是博物館研究作為一個知識領域(museum studies as a field of knowledge)的重要範疇之一。

關鍵字

二崁傳統博物館；物質文化研究；博物館詮釋與溝通；歷史人類學；博物館物件；歷史記憶

並列摘要

Museums cannot communicate with their audiences without objects. Through objects, the invisible past becomes visible. However, from the viewpoint of interaction between memory and history, what kind of past do museum objects represent? What meaning is produced when an object is interpreted by a museum? In fact, the exhibition, collection, conservation and preservation of museum objects relate to the social and cultural context to which the objects belong. In addition, communication between people and the construction of history and memory usually depend on objects. In this article, Er-Kan Village in Penghu County was chosen as a case study. Interpretations of the movements of Er-Kan's ancestors were used to discuss museum objects, history and culture. Through the study of museum collections in the Er-Kan Traditional Museum, it was shown how this society interprets things. This is an important contribution to museum studies as a field of knowledge.

並列關鍵字

Er-Kan Traditional Museum ； material culture study ； museum interpretation and communication ； historical anthropology ； museum objects ； historical memory