文化保存與文化治理：以新瓦屋客家文化保存區為例（2005-2010）

Culture Conservation and Culture Governance: A Case Study of Hsinwawu Hakka Culture Conservation Area（2005-2010）

涂美芳(Mei-Fang Tu)

指導教授 ： 王嵩山 ； 呂玫鍰

國立中央大學/客家學院/客家社會文化研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

新竹高鐵都市計畫的發生，寧靜的新瓦屋林姓傳統客家聚落被劃定為公園預定地，範圍內30多棟老建物必須剷平，因地方陳情及公部門文化政策支持得以倖存、2005年以都市計畫法劃設為全台第一座客家文化保存區。本論文以Tony Bennett治理性（governmentality）概念出發，首先，關注在此文化保存過程中，公部門執行團隊如何在看似對立的中央與地方、傳統與創新文化、新舊居民及地方文史工作者不同期待的拉扯及政策限制下，形成經制度、程序、分析與計算的治理主軸，在文化技術執行上發揮能動性，並建構出客委會籌備處當下承載的客家文化政策脈絡。
再者， Bennett認為博物館的文化治理與展示是政府權力裝置的一環，透過長期參與觀察與深入訪談，細緻觀看此座博物館中各項展示爭議的發生場景，在此空間權力部署中，忠孝堂祖先公廳的保留、集會堂9尺玻璃屋的興建到入口種植的樟樹，的確可以回應他所說展示的選擇如何作為提供權力的表述與工具，但是此外也發現，地方居民服膺的不只是權力的宰制，在籌備處遷離到縣府的接管、權力運作與政策混亂之下，已自成一格的發展出保存區自主運作的方式，建構起社區的自我認同。
客家文化設施的討論議題經常單獨就政策或展示協商作為主題，本文期透過此微小卻細緻的保存歷程分析，回應Bennett文化與政府治理間實踐對話的可能，同時也藉此視角尋求客家文化或明或隱的文化價值意涵如何鑲嵌其中。

關鍵字

客家文化保存區 ； 新瓦屋 ； 文化保存 ； 文化治理

並列摘要

To accomplish the urban planning around Hsinchu Station of Taiwan High Speed Rail, the traditional Hakka Lins’ settlement was designed to be a park area. The Lins’ settlement, also known as Hsinwawu, contained more than thirty traditional courtyard houses, and they were encountering the situation where they had to be torn down for the park construction. With a petition submitted by the local government and the support of the public sector’s cultural policies, the people in the settlement were able to keep their houses. In 2005, Hsinwawu was delimited as the first Hakka culture conservation area in Taiwan with the help of the Urban Planning Act. Using Tony Bennett’s concept of governmentality as the foundation, this study firstly examines the process of the culture conservation. The issues that affect the culture conservation include: 1) the seeming conflict between the central and local governments, 2) the gap between traditional culture and innovative culture, 3) different expectations among old residents, new residents, and literary and historical workers, and 4) the restriction of policies. While having to consider the issues mentioned above, the executive team of the public sector developed the core of governance step-by-step utilizing system, procedure, analysis, and estimation, applied agency to executing cultural policies, and constructed Hakka cultural policies that the Preparatory Office of Taiwan Hakka Cultural Center was responsible for carrying out. We aim to learn how the team performed in those aspects.
Bennett believes that the culture governance and exhibitions of museums represent a form of government’s allocation of power. Through long-term participant observation and in-depth interviews, this study secondly observes the power allocation and conflicts behind each exhibition in Hsinwawu museum, the preservation of the ancestral temple ‘Chung Hsiao Tang’ and Ji Huei Tang, the building of the nine-foot tall glass house, and the planting of camphor trees at the entrance. What have been found through the observation and interviews demonstrate the selection of exhibitions indeed functions as a tool and an expression that provides power. However, it is also found that Hsinwawu residents do not blindly obey the ruling from the authority. As the local government took over the management of the preparatory office, and the power operation and policies were disordered, the residents in the community have developed an autonomous way to operate the conservation area and built up their own self-identity.
Policies or negotiation of exhibition is usually the only issue discussed when talking about Hakka cultural facilities. Through a small but cautious analysis of the conservation process, this study intends to respond to Bennett’s idea of the possibility of integrating culture with government governance, and at the same time figure out how to embed the cultural value of the obvious or subtle Hakka culture into the analysis of the conservation process.

並列關鍵字

Hakka Culture Conservation Area ； Hsinwawu ； Culture Governance ； Culture Conservation

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