政府革新運動與博物館之轉變

在過去20幾年來，受到經濟不景氣、全球化趨勢和資訊科技進步等因素之交互影響，許多國家紛紛透過行政革新以提昇公部門之效能和服務品質，進而提昇國家的競爭力。雖然各國的改革理念依據和措施各有不同，但這一波的政府革新運動所追求之公共管理體制和企業家政府之精神都極為相似，因而被稱為「新政府運動」。我國也受到該運動理念之影響而在1996年啟動行政革新運動，公立博物館因而受到影響。然而因為欠缺認知也看不到變革的願景，大多數博物館對於變革大多猶豫不前。本文特別引介三個經歷過新政府運動的國家，除了介紹他們的改革理念和措施，也分別介紹博物館變革之實例，包括美國國家博物館之績效管理、英國國家博物館之轉型和政府之配套措施，以及加拿大格林堡博物館之組織改造等。希望我國博物館和政府可以從西方國家的經驗吸取一些改革概念。

關鍵字

博物館變革；博物館轉型；博物館組織改造；新政府運動

並列摘要

In the last two decades, government reform has been found in many countries as the way to deal with economic crises, the rapid progress of globalization and widespread adoption of information technology so as to upgrade their administration efficiency, quality of public services and ability of competing with other countries in the world. Although the theories and methods for government reinvention are vary among countries, the results of reformation all share the common characteristics of new public managements and the spirit of entrepreneuship in government systems. In 1996 the government in Taiwan initiated some reforming processes which drove public museums to change. However, most of the museums are hesitate to change because the vision is still lacking in the reform. This paper introduces the government reforms of three countries, including United Kingdom, United States of America and Canada. It starts with the major theories for each government , s change, then goes to the important events happened to the museums in each country, which consists of the performance management in the Smithsonian Institute, the transformation of National Museums in UKwith what their government doing to cater for the change; and finally, the reform of the Glenbow Museum, a museum in Calgary, Canada, focusing mainly on its new form of organization structure. Hopefully Taiwan museums and the government will learn something from their experiences.