博物館兒童教育趨勢考察－以法國博物館為例

The Trend of the Museum Education for Children in France

郭姿瑩(Tzu-Ying Kuo)

《博物館學季刊》 24卷2期 (2010/04) Pp. 99-113+115

https://doi.org/10.6686/MuseQ.201004_24(2).0006

摘要

近10年來，博物館兒童教育議題蓬勃發展，博物館界對兒童觀眾之政策制定、活動策劃，乃至於內容等各層面的瞭解需求，可說殷切期待。儘管兒童觀眾已成為博物館極力開發的觀眾群，然而相關理論及實務的探討仍待累積。本文以筆者於2007年6月實地參訪法國16間博物館進行為期2週之研究為基礎，從博物館兒童教育政策、活動策劃與執行等議題切入，借鏡法國博物館兒童教育實例。文中以法國6間博物館為例，包括龐畢度中心、東京宮、裝飾藝術博物館、國立自然史博物館、里昂博物館、亞爾暨普羅旺斯考古博物館，說明其博物館性質，並進一步闡釋其兒童博物館教育發展策略及實踐方式。最後從專業教育人員的角度，提出觀察與省思，歸納出法國博物館教育發展之趨勢為：兒童觀眾分齡化、教育活動主題化、啟發兒童五感經驗、開發親子觀眾以及教育展覽化。

關鍵字

兒童教育 ； 博物館教育 ； 法國博物館

並列摘要

In the last decade, discussions of the museum education for children began to emerge and spread quickly. Researchers in museology are eager to explore various aspects of this issue by examining the establishment of museum's policies or the planning of education activities. Though the juvenile audience has been viewed as potentially important visitors of museums, the related theories and practices to develop suitable education programs are still limited in scope and number. In fact, the museum education has relatively well developed and practiced in France. In order to understand the theories and underlying philosophies of France's museum education, and to learn the forms of museum's education activities, the author investigated sixteen museums in France. In this article, six museums, including Centre Pompidou, Palais de Tokyo, Musée des Arts Dé coratifs, Musé am National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musé um de Lyon and Musé e d e l'Arles et de la Provence Antiques, are discussed as the exemplars to illustrate and interpret their typical education strategies and activities for children. Lastly, the author comes to a conclusion of the trend of museum education in France from the perspective of professional education personnel. It is observed and generalized as the following: (1) subdivision of audience by age; (2) education activities planned by themes; (3) five sensations fully used for inspiration; (4) exploitation of parent-child audience; and (5) offer of specially designed exhibitions for children.

並列關鍵字

children's education ； museum education ； museum in France

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