博物館與文化再現－以國立故宮博物院「大觀：北宋書畫．汝窯．宋版圖書特展」為例

宋代是中國人文藝術發展的極致，舉凡繪畫、書法、瓷器及圖書等都異彩紛呈，臻於高峰，被視為後代的典範，深具藝術史的研究價值。國立故宮博物院其文物大都來自宋、元、明、清宮廷的蒐藏，在近代中國最動亂的年代裡，一再遷徙，歷劫歸來，渡海來臺，具有「正統」性，向來有「民族博物館」之稱，其所蒐藏的宋代文物數量傲視全球，成為研究宋代文化與藝術史的最佳資源。近年來，民族藝術的研究蔚為風潮，瞭解過去有助於展望未來。貯存民族文物的博物館，是新博物館學研究「文化再現」的熱門課題，與民族的命脈緊密關聯。本文以2006年12月到2007年3月在國立故宮博物院展出的「大觀：北宋書畫．汝窯．宋版圖書特展」為例，探討故宮如何再現宋代的文化與藝術。首先分析此次特展文物在中國藝術史之意義。其次利用展場所規劃的北宋書畫、汝窯、宋版圖書等，論其如何再現宋代文化與藝術。接著根據展示的文物，探究宋代政治社會環境如何影響文化與藝術的發展。最後分析故宮作為文化再現，以及中國藝術史的展示與經典的意義，並且藉由展覽與衍生性商品，將文化推廣到世界各地。

關鍵字

文化再現；北宋大觀展；故宮再啟；正統

並列摘要

The Sung dynasty is often considered an era of unique art development in Chinese history. The achievements in the arts, including in painting, calligraphy, porcelain, and literature, represent the peak of Chinese culture. Most of the collection of the National Palace Museum comes from the Sung, Yuan, Ming, and Ching dynasties. These objects were shipped to Taiwan from Mainland China to prevent them from being destroyed during a civil war. Having these ＂legitimate＂ relics makes the National Palace Museum a museum of ＂cultural representation＂. This study discusses how the National Palace Museum successfully created the special exhibition ＂Grand View: Northern Sung Painting and Calligraphy, Ju Ware and Sung Dynasty Rare Books＂ which ran from December 2006 to March 2007. First, we analyze the included relics and their meanings in Chinese art history. Second, we discuss how the exhibition represents the arts and culture of the Sung dynasty. Third, we attempt to use the exhibition to determine how the politics and the society of the Sung dynasty affected the development of its culture and arts. Lastly, we analyze the roles of the National Palace Museum in the ＂Representation of Culture＂ and in the exhibition of Chinese art history and canons, and how they relate to its goal of spreading Chinese culture to the whole world through the production of exhibitions and derivatives.