政治對博物館的影響－以國家博物館為例

The Impacts of Politics on Museums: With National Museums as Examples

曾信傑(Shin-Chieh Tzeng)

《博物館學季刊》 24卷4期 (2010/10) Pp. 95-113

https://doi.org/10.6686/MuseQ.201010_24(4).0006

摘要

本研究旨在探討博物館在籌建與營運過程中，如何受到政治的影響。同時，針對國家博物館的定義與制度，比較不同國家的現況，試圖釐清國家博物館在現代社會中所扮演的角色;就國家博物館在名稱的改變上，分析這些文化機構如何受到政治的左右，並以英國為例，探究國家博物館在政治分權化下，努力建立國家認同、建立夥伴關係的用心。研究結果顯示，我國的國家博物館受到政治的影響，其所肩負的責任與所獲資源，日益呈現不對等關係。在層級降低、經營模式可能改變之下，對我國政府而言，當務之急應找尋一個平衡點，建立這些文化機構的特色，發揮國家文化機構領導者的角色，才是國人衷心盼望見到的願景。

關鍵字

國家博物館 ； 博物館 ； 政治

並列摘要

A national museum traditionally represents one kind of culture of a nation. When a national museum is founded, does it become an achievement of a political leader or a democratic institution belonging to the public? This research aims to compare the definition of national museums in different countries, then to understand their development in and influences upon the society. Based on the re-branding strategies of national museums in the UK, it is obvious that these cultural institutions are heavily influenced by the cultural devolution during the last two decades. Another significant change in the UK is that most national museums has established partnership with other museums, instead of setting up more branch museums, which is another political influence. On the other hand, the national museums in Taiwan has been developed and affected by government policies for a long time, and gradually they have turned to take more accountability in contrast to less resources. The lack of efficient resources and the change of operations are the major effects on these cultural institutions and these impacts could paralize the institutions accordingly. It is hoped that this paper will give Taiwan government some ideas to figure out a better way to get the balance of allocating resources and accountability to national museums. The future of national museums is expected to expand their characteristics and to make better performances in leading the cultural sector.

並列關鍵字

national museums ； museum ； politics