藝術即治療－美術館取向的藝術教育治療試辦經驗分享

歐美博物館近年來倡議以社會模式(social model)取代醫療模式(medical model)的運作思維，是全世界博物館在友善平權服務業務推廣上的新趨勢。美國知名的精神科醫師暨老人學專家柯翰(G. D. Cohen)在《熟年大腦的無限潛能》(2007)一書中，高度肯定高齡者透過參與動靜平衡的社交活動及藝術創意活動，將有助於熟年時期的大腦潛力開發，甚至對預防或延後失智症惡化方面也都有相當的助益，推及其他年齡層有心智特殊需求之民眾，如泛自閉症類群等等，相信更能起一定程度的助益。本文從「藝術即治療」學派觀點切入，以國立臺灣美術館所肩負的社會教育服務立場作為橋接「醫療模式」與「社會模式」之支點，與專業藝術治療師跨領域合作規劃「美術館取向的藝術教育治療」專案之試辦經驗，分享國立臺灣美術館分別為泛自閉症類群幼童及失智長者規劃了寓含藝術治療精神，且形式上符合柯翰醫生所建議之「動靜平衡的社交活動及藝術創意活動」之特性的團療課程，既實為「藝術教育治療」做出跨越校園的普及化嘗試，更希望對國內博物館／美術館界在視「藝術即治療」的服務作為上，能拋磚引玉建立起跨專業合作的機制，讓服務作為更具「藝術教育治療」的專業精神與品質。

關鍵字

美術館教育；特殊族群；藝術即治療；藝術治療；藝術教育治療

並列摘要

Museums in Europe and North America have advocated the social model of disability to replace the medical model in recent years, as part of a new global trend in friendly, equal access museum services. Renowned American geriatric psychiatrist Gene D. Cohen, in his book entitled The Mature Mind: The Positive Power of the Aging Brain (2007), has affirmed that participation in active social activities and more quiet arts and creative events is helpful for developing the positive power of the aging brain, and even for preventing or slowing the onset of dementia. It is believed that participation of this kind would also benefit, at least to some extent, people of other age groups requiring special assistance, such as those with autism spectrum disorder. In this paper, beginning from the viewpoint of ＂art as therapy＂, the efforts of the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts (NTMoFA), a social education organization, to combine medical and social models in the implementation of ＂fine arts museum-oriented art education therapy＂ projects are explored. These projects involve professional art therapists who offer ＂social activities and arts and creative events which together serve as a balanced program for those in need＂, as suggested by Cohen, such as young children with autism spectrum disorder and elderly suffering from dementia. This type of group therapy embodies the spirit of art therapy. The projects shared in this paper serve as examples of how art education therapy can take place outside of schools, such as in art museums. It is hoped that the sharing of these practices will inspire the development of an inter-disciplinary, collaborative mechanism among museums in Taiwan, based on the ＂art as therapy＂ concept, to expand the spirit and practice of art education therapy.