原型藝術治療之理念

The Concepts of Archetypal Art Therapy

王秀絨(Hsiu-Jung Wang)

《台灣藝術治療學刊》 3卷1期 (2011/06) Pp. 1-21

https://doi.org/10.29761/JTAT.201106.0001

摘要

本文之構想主要是源自筆者的博士論文：藝術治療應用於台灣性侵害倖存者之實務研究，因爲個人之研究興趣，論文中有一部份是以「原型」心理學來進行藝術治療之過程與詮釋，此部分即成爲撰寫本文之原初內涵。筆者的研究對象是十三位性侵倖存者，個案來源主要是透過中部地區多家公私立社福機構之社工進行轉介，都是以個案方式進行，總執行期間橫跨約五年（自1999至2003），每位個案的進行期間三至六個月不等。整體而言，除了兩位因爲家庭因素及搬移到北部之外，其他所有的倖存者都完成藝術治療之歷程。運用原型方法之藝術治療包括以下重要概念：一、提供機會讓案主進行象徵表現，此爲瞭解心靈過程之方法；二、與案主一起對呈現之象徵意象進行瞭解或詮釋，此代表著心靈對於問題之內在解決，也是心靈想要成長或自我療癒之企圖；三、想瞭解，則也必須運用隱喻之想像性語言，如此將帶來全新之可能性；四、有關於生命中的負向部分，將會帶來陰影（例如父親是照顧者卻同時也是加害者，子女因之有了自己的陰影，不可能否認也無法排除），惟有體會或接受這個事實。在筆者的實務工作中，雖然並非每一位倖存者都運用原型的方法，但是從所有的圖畫意象整合來看，卻可以發現早期先民之深層心靈在作品中吶喊著，歸納起來有以下四項：1.對永恆的家的思念，2.亂倫之悲劇及與女性貞操之陰暗面相遇，3.母親客體之失落及民俗信仰之涵容，4.藉由中國文化之象徵獲致哀悼與平衡。

關鍵字

原型 ； 原型藝術治療 ； 集體潛意識 ； 神話學 ； 病態

並列摘要

The original idea for this article came from my Doctoral thesis, where the subjects of my study were thirteen survivors of abuse. My interest in C.G. Jung's ideas about a collective unconscious means that part of my art therapy practice and study has included archetypal psychology.Art, when working with survivors, acts as a container to hold the wounded soul. When we are able to help clients to use the full breadth and depth of their imaginations they may discover new possibilities for containing the psyche.In addition deep trauma, such as that experienced in either incest or domestic violence may benefit from the insight gathered within mythological stories or archetypal patterns. Art in its many forms can be a helper in times of trouble. It can be a means to understand the conditions of human existence and to face the fear and trauma associated with abuse. The creation within therapy of a meaningful, archetypal order may provide clients with a space for transformation and rebirth.Some particular issues have emerged in my work with Taiwanese survivors. The issues I will explore in the paper contain Chinese cultural symbols: (1) a longing for the eternal home; (2) the tragedy of the incest and the dark side of female virginity; (3) the role of Chinese religion, especially goddess worship, in helping people experience the good mother (the inner object); and (4) the value of Chinese symbolism in aiding the process of mourning and possible balance.

並列關鍵字

archetype ； archetypal art therapy ； collective unconscious ； mythology ； pathological