戰後臺灣《文化資產保存法》的早期形構及其發展（1945-1984）

《文化資產保存法》的制定及修訂，屢為社會輿論關注之所在，更是保存爭戰角力的場域。然而，1982年5月公布《文化資產保存法》的淵源脈絡及其立法過程的論述，常隨著觀察視角的差異，略有不同的說法。今略有：「戰前中國說」、「戰後日裔說」，甚至「臺灣在地說」等說。然事實究竟是如何呢？迄今仍莫衷一是，確實有進行歷史溯源探討的必要。今以1982年5月26日頒布《文化資產保存法》作為探討的標的，利用政府檔案、相關公文書、報刊雜誌，以及時人文集等資料進行溯源，並適度地釐清是法的理絡及其涵攝的過程。在溯源的同時，也發現該法制的部分內涵，除承續了戰前中國以降廣義古物的傳統外，至戰後臺灣也「積極」修復在地古蹟，用以拼接在地記憶。嗣後，更吸收國外經驗進行轉化，形成過去未曾有的「自然景觀」、「民族藝術」及「民俗有關文物」等嶄新的國際元素。最後，摶聚合成戰後首部比較能符應本土需求、合於在地民情，且立基於臺灣時空的國家文化保存法制。此一立法軌跡，不無揭示這半世紀以來，戰前中國廣義的古物因子與戰後臺灣在地的古蹟要素彼此相互理解交融，進行觀念上的調和及轉換，並將繼受戰前《古物保存法》的內涵不斷地予以更新調整，使之符合戰後臺灣在地文化與社會需求的《文化資產保存法》。此一法制的形塑過程，不無意味著過去國族認同軸線開始翻轉的軌跡。

關鍵字

古物；古蹟；文化資產；文化資產保存法；陳奇祿

並列摘要

Drafting and amending of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act resulted in much media and social attention, as well as many debates. Differing opinions and arguments surrounding this Act, which was first passed on May 26, 1982, in regards to its original context and lawmaking process emerged based on discrepancies in the viewpoints of observers. These can be classified as pre-war China period theory, post-war Japan theory, and Taiwan localization theory. But, what are the facts? Even in the absence of a consensus of opinion, it is necessary to pursue its development and analysis in a historical context. The aim of this paper is to discuss and analyze the legal context and subsumption of this Act using archived materials, official documents and relevant publications. While exploring the original context, the author discovered that some parts of the Act continue pre-war China's antiquarian tradition. After the war, Taiwan was engaged in restoring heritage sites to map out its collective memory. Subsequently, intangible cultural heritage including natural landscapes, ethnic arts, folk customs and related cultural artifacts were included based on experiences of the international community. This is what we know today as the transformed Cultural Heritage Preservation Act, which attempts to meet the demands of localization and a legal product designed to protect national culture against Taiwan's historical background. The legalization process of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act indicates that it is under the influences of antiquarian tradition of pre-war China, as well as the demands of localization of post-war Taiwan. The result is a mix-and-match of ideas and mutual understanding that has transformed the pre-war Antiquities Preservation Act into the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act which meets the social and cultural demands of post-war Taiwan. This process of legal transformation signifies the key to reversing the path of national history.