當代國家博物館作為文化治理與後博物館的接觸地帶－以國立臺灣歷史博物館為例

National Museums as Contact Zones for Cultural Governance and the Postmuseum Theory: A Case Study of the National Museum of Taiwan History

江明珊(Ming-Shan Chiang)

《博物館學季刊》 32卷2期 (2018/04) Pp. 37-59

https://doi.org/10.6686/MuseQ.201804_32(2).0002

摘要

1990年代至今，全球歷史及文化類的國家級博物館的趨勢有三：一、多元族群與文化成為主流價值觀；二、展覽內容注重一般民眾之文化、歷史及生活；三、試圖開啟民眾參與及對話。此博物館趨勢顯示博物館受到時代環境變遷、社會價值觀、社會理論思潮等複合因素影響。國家博物館可說是國家文化治理與後博物館概念的接觸地帶。而臺灣雖有其自身歷史及政治背景的獨特性，博物館卻也與世界的博物館趨勢相符。本文首先檢視近30年來的博物館現象，接續探討其與社會思潮及學術變遷的關係，並回到臺灣脈絡，談臺灣博物館的發展。以2011年才開放參觀的國立臺灣歷史博物館作為案例，說明政策和實踐如何接軌，並試圖分析文化治理與後博物館概念兩者的交互作用，以及其衝突及共生關係。

關鍵字

後現代 ； 新博物館學 ； 國家博物館 ； 國立臺灣歷史博物館 ； 博物館劇場

並列摘要

Since the 1990s, there have been three major trends among national historical and cultural museums: 1. Diverse ethnic groups and cultures have become mainstream values. 2. Exhibitions have become focused on public life, cultures, and histories. 3. Attempts have been made to open up to public participation and dialogue. These trends reveal that museums are impacted by compound factors such as changes in the times, social values and social theories. National museums can be considered the contact zones for cultural governance and the postmuseum theory. Although Taiwan possesses unique historical and political backgrounds, its national museums have followed similar trends. In this paper, museum phenomena over the recent 30 years is first reviewed. This is followed by a discussion on the relationship among social trends, theories and museums. Then, the development of Taiwanese museums is analyzed. The National Museum of Taiwan History (NMTH), which officially opened to the public in 2011, serves as a case study. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the NMTH responds to the post-museum through its policies and practices. Moreover, an attempt is made to analyze the mutual effects of cultural governance and the post-museum, as well as conflicts and benefits.

並列關鍵字

postmodern ； new museology ； national museum ； National Museum of Taiwan History ； museum theater

參考文獻

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