建構記憶之地－中正紀念堂領袖紀念館中的國族地方感

Constructing Taiwan's National Sense of Place: Example of the Memorial Exhibition of the National Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall

葉韻翠(Yun-Tsui Yeh)

《博物館學季刊》 34卷1期 (2020/01) Pp. 45-64

https://doi.org/10.6686/MuseQ.202001_34(1).0003

摘要

近年在轉型正義等議題下，多數人所注視的中正紀念堂，多著重外部的文字地景與文化地景；作為一個國家級的領袖紀念館，其內部自1980年開堂以來陳設的領袖文物展視室，亦為博物館學所忽略。是故本文欲採用田野實察法輔以文獻分析，以中正紀念堂的蔣中正總統文物展視室為核心，探討臺灣的國族地方感是如何在領袖紀念博物館中被建構與呈現，並析論其意涵。文物展視室自設立以來，展示目的曾隨著時代變化而調整變遷。由1980年代的「永懷領袖」—推崇蔣中正的勳業以建構領袖崇拜及紀念，至1990及2000年代展示蔣中正一生功績及中國近代史，以領袖象徵國家的意味相當明顯。進入2010年代以後，領袖紀念館的展示有了重大的調整，以臺灣為展間主題乃首次浮現。歷經臺灣民主化歷程的中正紀念堂，目前展間大致順著蔣中正的人生歷程，主題由「家庭」到「革命」、「抗戰」、「內戰」、「臺灣」最後到總統紀念辦公室，結合中國記憶與臺灣記憶，也象徵著中華民國來自中國大陸，最後歸向臺灣的國族地方感轉向過程。當中在國族地方感的營造方面，除了利用歷史事件直接訴諸對於國家空間的記憶與認同之外，更時常透過與國際間的往來，定位中華民國作為一個世界大國的形象，與蔣中正作為大國領袖的地位。

關鍵字

中正紀念堂 ； 國族地方感 ； 領袖 ； 紀念 ； 博物館地理學

並列摘要

Due to the recent focus on transitional justice and related issues, the National Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall in Taipei has attracted attention mostly due to its external textual and cultural landscapes. This memorial opened in 1980. However, the exhibition of this former leader's personal effects has not been well researched. Therefore, the aim of this study is, through fieldwork supplemented by document analysis, to focus on the Exhibition Hall of Historical Relics of Chiang Kai-Shek of this memorial hall to examine how Taiwan's national sense of place is constructed and presented and to discuss its meaning. The purpose of this exhibition hall has changed over time. In the 1980s, ＂Remembering Our Leader＂ helped to build a cult of personality around Chiang by praising his accomplishments. In the 1990s and 2000s, Chiang's achievements throughout his lifetime and modern Chinese history were highlighted, with the apparent attempt to present this leader as the symbol of the nation. In the 2010s, there was once again a major change in the contents of this exhibition, with Taiwan appearing as a subject for the first time. Under the democratization of Taiwan, the current arrangement includes the topics of ＂Family,＂ ＂Revolution,＂ ＂War of Resistance Against Japan,＂ ＂Civil War,＂ and ＂Taiwan,＂ as well as the Gallery of President Chiang Kai-Shek's Office. This not only serves to integrate the memories of China and Taiwan, but also symbolizes the transformation of Taiwan's national sense of place; that is, the Republic of China, from China to Taiwan. As for the cultivation of national sense of place, in addition to the use of historic events to stimulate shared memories and identification of national space, this exhibition emphasizes international relations to create the image of the Republic of China as a great power with Chiang as its leader.

並列關鍵字

National Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall ； national sense of place ； leader ； commemoration ； museum geography

參考文獻

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中央日報，1937.5.2。徐埠中正公園中正紀念堂落成．昨晨舉行落成典禮．胡宗南揭幕．趙光濤報告，第 1 張第 4 版。

中央日報，1975.7.24。籌建中正紀念堂作初步決定．地點將在陸總舊址範圍內．主要結構包括三個館，第 3 版。

中央日報，1975.8.22。恭建中正紀念堂及公園．徵求設計藍圖．籌建小組公布辦法，第 3 版。

中央日報，1980.4.4。永懷蔣公恩澤．中正紀念堂舉辦文物展．雕塑學會展．蔣公塑像．軍史館展出勳業圖片，第 9 版。