氣候變遷敘事－科學展覽與當代藝術展覽的比較研究

本文透過比較科學與當代藝術兩種類型的博物館展覽，探討其在處理氣候變遷議題時，如何採用不同的展覽敘事。氣候變遷係一個複雜且動態的環境、文化、政治問題，涉及我們與自然及整體地球的關係。但各種關於氣候變遷後果與危機的爭論以及對於未來的影響，卻隨著區域與不同國情有不同的說法。博物館在這樣的處境下，經常在氣候變遷的辯論與政策決定過程中，扮演宣導、說明與倡議的角色。然而，博物館並非如此地中性與中立，其本身也受到諸多因素的左右與影響。博物館談論氣候變遷議題其實在內部規範限制與外在環境的變因影響下，可能呈現極為不同的樣貌。本文採取文獻評述與個案研究的方式，分析不同類型博物館—特別是科學類型與藝術類型—的展覽敘事，並採立意抽樣，挑選國內外具代表性的科學類型與藝術類型展示，來說明博物館展覽中的氣候變遷敘事模型，並企圖勾勒其元敘事。此外，本文也描述了當代環境藝術的作為，以及處理氣候變遷議題的不同面貌。最後，兩種類型的展覽敘事比較，可以突顯博物館處理當代社會議題所面臨的挑戰與適應。

關鍵字

氣候變遷；展覽敘事；科學與藝術

並列摘要

In this paper, two types of museum exhibitions - science and contemporary art - are compared to explore how different narratives are used for dealing with climate change issues. Climate change is a complex and, indeed, dynamic problem that involves the environment, culture, and politics, as well as our relationship with nature and Earth as a whole. Among the debates about the consequences of and crises related to climate change and their future impacts, different hypotheses have been formed in different regions and under different national conditions. Museums have also played roles, publicizing, explaining, and making suggestions during climate change debates and policymaking processes. However, museums are not completely neutral, as they are influenced and affected by many factors. Museum discussions on climate change issues may take on extremely different appearances under the influences of internal normative constraints and changing external factors. In this paper, literature review and case studies were used to analyze the exhibition narratives of different types of museums, especially those of science museums and art museums. Intentional sampling methods were adopted to select representative overseas and domestic science and contemporary art exhibitions. In addition, the narrative mode of climate change in museum exhibitions and the attempts to outline its meta-narrative are examined. Moreover, different strategies for contemporary art exhibitions in dealing with climate change issues are outlined. Finally, a comparison of the two types of exhibition narratives enables an exploration of the challenges and adaptations of museums dealing with contemporary social issues.