桃園市集合住宅外牆磁磚黏著層劣化原因之探討

A study on the cause of the adhesive layer deterioration at the housing building exterior wall in Taoyuan City

廖硃岑(Chu-Tsen Liao) ； 周佩萱(Pei-Hsuan Chou) ； 吳柏叡(Po-Jui Wu)

《高大人文學報》 3期 (2018/06) Pp. 55-86

https://doi.org/10.6648/NUKJH.201806_(3).0003

摘要

桃園地理位置鄰近台北都會區，具備國際機場等重要交通建設，自民國68年起在國家發展建設上扮演重要角色。民國103年桃園縣市合併，住宅需求量居持續增加，特別是都市化人口密度較高之桃園區、中壢區與平鎮區，這些行政區也成為本研究對象的範圍。依據內政部及地方政府之住宅普查報告，民國84年與95年為桃園市住宅高峰期。住宅類建築物在外牆常使用磁磚面飾，磁磚容易因為屋齡增加而產生劣化現象，造成公共安全問題。因此本研究對象為位於桃園密集市區，屋齡超過20年且11樓以上之集合住宅，共計50棟。外牆磁磚剝落比例為26%，其剝落界面以黏著層比例最高為48%。本論文研究目的主要調查桃園市集合住宅案例外牆磁磚剝落現況，並透過業界專家及專業廠商訪談了解外牆磁磚鋪貼工法材料與使用工具的變遷。本研究方法為現況調查和專家訪談，從外牆磁磚鋪貼工法、黏著材料與工具之變遷來分析劣化原因。根據專家訪談結果，將磁磚剝落原因區分為工法、材料與人為三項。民國75至84年，在工法上由於結構體表面不平整、未在結構體上灑水增加界面的吸水率；在材料選擇上黏著層使用海菜粉水泥砂漿未有一定的調合比例、磁磚大量燒製未切實品管、磁磚施工前未去除塗膜劑；在人為上黏著劑塗布不均、晾置時間過長以及未再磁磚施工後將磁磚與黏著劑壓實密合等，皆是造成黏著層剝落的原因。期待藉由外牆磁磚剝落原因的探究，做為提升施工品質的參考並降低未來剝落的現象。

關鍵字

集合住宅 ； 黏著層 ； 外牆磁磚 ； 劣化原因

並列摘要

Taoyuan is located near the Taipei metropolitan area. Taoyuan has the international airport and other important traffic construction. Therefore since 1979, Taoyuan become an important role in national construction. In 2014, after the merger of Taoyuan City and Taoyuan County residential demand is high, especially in Taoyuan District, Zhongli District and Pingzhen District that have higher population density. These area are the subject of this study. According to the Ministry of the Interior and local governments’ housing census report. 1995 and 2006 are the peak of the housing in Taoyuan. Residential building often use tiles in the external walls. Tiles deteriorated due to the increase in the age of the houses, causing public safety problems. Therefore the object of this study are the complex of residential which are built more than 20 years and have 11 floors above, including 50 buildings. Spalling ratio of 26%, among which the highest proportion of the adhesive layer is peeled off, accounting for 48%. The purpose of this study is to investigate the present situation of tiles in facade facades in Taoyuan City. The research method is the current situation investigation and expert interview, to understand the external wall tiles paving process materials and the use of tools changes. According to expert interviews, the reason of tiles peeling are divided into construction method, materials and human factors. Following are the factors from 1986 to 1995. The surface of the structure was uneven and didn’t watering the structure; the material selection ether without definite proportion of cement mortar seaweed powder and quality control of tile; adhesive open time and compaction. With the exploration of the causes of the spalling, as a reference for improving construction quality and reducing the phenomenon of future spalling.

並列關鍵字

high rise residential building ； adhesive layer ； exterior wall tile ； deterioration reason