溫室氣體盤查與碳足跡估算在綠色設計與製造上的應用

Green Design and Manufacture of Products by Way of Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Carbon Footprint Analysis

曾彥魁(Yen-Kuei Tseng) ； 劉逢文(Fong-Wen Liu) ； 王耀敬(Yue-Jing Wang)

《中華生質能源學會會誌》 31卷1&2期 (2012/06) Pp. 31-37

https://doi.org/10.6385/JBESC.201206.0031

摘要

本研究針對產品在導入綠色設計程序中，以產品生命週期碳足跡評估與分析之方法提出討論，並以脚踏車輪圈採用不同材料之製程為例，將各階段所排放的二氧化碳以實際盤查所得數據做為分析基礎，得到的結果除了腳踏車業外，亦可提供機車業、汽車業或金屬製品業做為引用參考。包含腳踏車鋁輪圈和鋼鐵輪圈的各製程如主要原材料取得、製造加工以及表面處理和熱處理等階段，本研究分別進行碳足跡分析。至於運輸階段，因取決於購買者所在位置及所要求之運送方式，而輪圈為零組件不需個別包裝且使用廢棄後又可完全回收再利用，故本研究皆不予涵蓋。經實際盤查與分析，在使用SimaPro7.3生命週期評估系統並依據PAS2050所規範的標準程序與方法下，得到結論如下：第一：使用鋁合金為材料之輪圈，每單位總二氧化碳排放量為1.778 kg C0_(2e)，較使用鋼鐵材料排放4.727 kg C0_(2e)為少，後者約為前者的2.7倍。第二：在輪圈生產過程中以能源使用的排碳量最高，鋁合金為1.120 kg C0_(2e) 占比達63.33 %，其中電力的使用占51.63%，鋼鐵輪圈的能源使用排碳量2.606 kg C0_(2e)，占比也達55.13%，其中49.46%來自電力的使用。因此，要進一步改善輪圈生產排碳量，應從製程的電能耗用改善著手才能得到最佳效果。第三：鋁合金輪圈材料之表面處理以及清洗所用物質二氧化碳排放僅占3.99%，而鋼鐵輪圈則需21.05 %，顯示出鋼鐵輪圏需較複雜之材料表面處理及熱處理等程序，除了會增加成本外，對環境傷害也較大，相對於鋁合金，鋼鐵為較不理想之材料選擇。

關鍵字

碳足跡 ； 溫室氣體盤查 ； SimaPro7.3 ； PAS2050 ； 生命週期評估

並列摘要

For green design and manufacture of a specific product, the processes of greenhouse gas inventory and carbon footprint analysis are required, which are to account and to evaluate the equivalent carbon dioxide emission during its lifecycle. In this research, the software SimPro 7.3 and the international standard PAS2050 were used as the tool and criterion, for evaluating the carbon footprint of a bicycle wheel rim made with aluminum and iron steel. Owing that, it is merely part of a bicycle, and both kind of materials can be recycled, so that the greenhouse gases emission of packaging, out of factory transmission as well as disposal are forgot. According to the results of series assessment and analysis, the conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the equivalent carbon emission for a 500g aluminum bicycle wheel rim is 1.778Kg C0_(2e), while the iron steel wheel rim weighted by 1000g is 4.727Kg C0_(2e), the later one is about 2.7 times when comparing with the former one. Secondly, the energy use emits tremendous greenhouse gases in both wheel rim manufacturing, for aluminum rim with 1.120 Kg C0_(2e) and iron steel rim with 2.606 Kg C0_(2e), the sharing percentage are 63.33% and 55.13%, respectively. The above mentioned data showing that form the cradle to the door, efficiency of energy consumption especially electricity is the key component to diminish greenhouse gas emission. The thirdly, for surface treatment as well as heat treatment, the greenhouse gas emission for aluminum rim is 3.99% only, while it is 21.05% for iron steel rim, that means the iron steel rim needs much more complicated treatment procedure than an aluminum rim.

並列關鍵字

Carbon footprint ； Greenhouse gas inventory ； SimaPro7.3 ； Lifecycle assessment