鄰苯二甲酸酯類塑化劑之毒理特性及管制歷程

Phthalate Ester Plasticizers- Toxicological Properties and Regulations

宋宜均(Yi-Chun Sung) ； 陳婕(Jie Chen)

《中華生質能源學會會誌》 32卷1&2期 (2013/06) Pp. 1-12

摘要

鄰苯二甲酸酯類塑化劑為增加材料柔軟性或材料液化性之添加劑，其於環境中具不易分解性及生物濃縮性，大量製造、使用、廢棄及焚燒後會對環境生態造成廣泛影響。美國針對8種鄰苯二甲酸酯類物質已擬定既有化學物質行動計畫，針對該類物質進行毒理及暴露資料研析，未來預計提出適切之替代品，歐盟則將毒性明確之鄰苯二甲酸酯類物質納入REACH法規授權物質清單，並訂定「落日期限」（Sunset Date)，落日期限後不得使用授權物質，且須申請許可獲得授權後方可使用或置入市場販售。此外，亦針對玩具用途於REACH法規附錄十七訂定濃度限值，以管制商品端之鄰苯二甲酸酯類物質。我國環保署及經濟部標準檢驗局分別針對源頭端及玩具商品端進行鄰苯二甲酸酯類物質之管制，環保署已公告26種鄰苯二甲酸酯類物質為毒化物，並須取得許可後方可運作，另經濟部標檢局已針對8種鄰苯二甲酸酯類物質訂定濃度限值，並列為應施檢驗項目，為兒童玩具進行安全性把關，期以源頭管理及商品管制方式，降低國人對鄰苯二甲酸酯類物質之暴露。

關鍵字

塑化劑 ； 鄰苯二甲酸酯類物質 ； 毒性化學物質管理法 ； 玩具 ； REACH法規授權物質清單

並列摘要

Phthalate ester plasticizers are additives that help to increase the softness or fluidity of materials. Because o f their low biodegradability and high bioconcentration tendency, phthalate esters can pose a widespread effect on the environment during mass manufacture, use, disposal and incineration. The U.S. government has already contained eight different phthalate esters in the Existing Chemicals Action Plan for toxicology evaluation and exposure assessment, and is planning to propose suitable alteraatives in the future. The European Union has also included phthalate esters that have been clearly recognized to be toxic on the Authorisation List under REACH, and has assigned specific ＂Sunset Dates＂ for chemicals on the list. After their ＂Sunset Dates＂, substances on the Authorisation List will require an authorisation before they can be placed on the market or used. In addition, REACH Annex XVII regulates the maximum permitted concentration of phthalate esters in end products (including toys). In Taiwan, the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) and the Bureau o f Standards, Metrology and Inspection, Ministry o f Economic Affairs have established controls on phthalate esters, both as material sources and as ingredients used in toy products. The EPA has already designated 26 phthalate esters as toxic substances, the use of which requires a permit. In addition, the Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection has delimitate maximum permitted levels for 8 phthalate esters, and has designated them as substances subject to inspection, thereby helping to ensure the safety of children's toy products. It is anticipated that the combination of source management and product regulation will succeed in reducing the public exposure to phthalate esters in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Plasticizers ； Phthalate esters ； Toxic Chemical Substances Control Act ； Toys ； REACH Authorisation List