Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax, native to tropical and subtropical Africa and Madagascar, was found to be a newly naturalized plant in Taiwan. This species is characterized by the apex of its leaves being conspicuously caudate, irregularly roundish aerial bulbils, and one to three pistillate inflorescences per axil, each up to 50 cm long. A morphological description, line drawings, color photographs, and habitat are provided here.