民初至七十年代杜甫研究政治影響之檢討

Political influence in the Study of Du Fu from Early Republic to the Seventies

楊承祖(Yang Cheng-Tsu)

《世新中文研究集刊》 10期 (2014/09) Pp. 1-32

摘要

作家與作品研究，可分藝事闡析與人格認知兩大範疇。本文主要就後者檢討民初迄今杜甫研究所受政治之影響。民國八年（一九一九）「五四運動」以後，研討作家與作品受政治思想與政治現實之影響乃漸受注意，最重要的是共產主義與共黨政權的影響。自民國三十八年（一九四九）中共建政，毛澤東思想成為文學研究之準繩，但毛之思想亦因政治現實而變化反覆。初期對文學研究管制尚鬆，以後則愈嚴，學者亦唯遵循中共之政策，其中尤以郭沫若最能揣摩毛意，左右學界。及毛卒，「文革」過，朱東潤《杜甫敘論》出，實為一「傷痕學術」，可謂杜甫研究受政治影響的最特殊現象。本文欲就七八十年來杜甫研究所受明顯與潛在的政治影響加以檢討，也可作為作家與作品研究的一個案例。（另加附錄〈杜甫傳記研究中的畸變〉一篇，供讀者參考。）

並列摘要

The studies on Du Fu can be divided into two major categoriesdemonstration and analysis on anecdotes and personality perception. This paper mainly investigates the political influence on the latter from the early period of Republic of China to the present. After the ＂May Fourth Movement＂ in 1919, many studies have found that the influence of political ideology and reality on writers and their works was increasing, and the influence of Communism and Communist regimes was particularly significant. Since Chinese Communist Party（CCP）established its regime in 1949, Mao Zedong Thought （Maoism）became the principle of literature studies. However, Mao Zedong Thought has also changed repeatedly due to political reality. In the early period, Mao Zedong thought loosely regulated literary studies, but strictly regulated them afterwards. Scholars also had to follow the CCP’s political policies. Among all scholars, Guo Moruo, could best figure out and interpret the ideas of Mao, and thus had a significant influence on academia. After the ＂Cultural Revolution,＂ Zhu Dongrun published ＂Introduction to Du Fu,＂ which is actually an ＂academic scar,＂ as well as the most unique phenomenon of political influence on studies on Du Fu. After 70-80 years, it may still have a significant and potential influence on studies on Du Fu. （The Distortions in Biographical Studies on Du Fu is attached in the Appendix as reference for readers.）