論《梁狀元不伏老》之排場與思想意旨

A Discussion on Act Arrangement and Ideological Intention of Liang Zhuang Yuan Bu Fu Lao

何慧怡(Hui-yi Ho)

《世新中文研究集刊》 13期 (2017/07) Pp. 47-90

摘要

本論文分析明代散曲家馮惟敏所作雜劇《梁狀元不伏老》之排場，並探究創作意旨。馮氏有作曲集《海浮山堂詞稿》外，又作雜劇《梁狀元不伏老玉殿傳臚記》（本文以《梁狀元不伏老》統稱此劇）、《僧尼共犯》二齣。其中，《梁狀元不伏老》一劇主角梁顥屢試春宮不第，備嘗科考折磨，頗類馮惟敏應試之坎坷，則此劇並非偶然，為抒胸臆而作也。《梁狀元不伏老》搬演宋代梁顥八十二歲始狀元及第之事，全劇共五折，含一楔子。此劇在體製上，有揉合雜劇、傳奇之處，呈現了明代劇作趨勢，又，更見馮惟敏自出機杼之創新。馮惟敏透過主角梁顥其科考路上，內心的挫折、徬徨、掙扎以至堅持，最終金榜題名，一償心願，在稱許「老當益壯」之餘，凸顯的卻是科舉殘酷的事實。藉由《梁狀元不伏老》，馮惟敏對科舉制度的弊病發出沉痛控訴，並提示士人舉子另一個更嚴肅的議題－一場人生「取捨」的試煉。

關鍵字

馮惟敏 ； 梁狀元不伏老 ； 不伏老 ； 明雜劇 ； 排場

並列摘要

This thesis is to analyze the act arrangement of a zaju, Liang Zhuang Yuan Bu Fu Lao by Weimin Feng, a sanqu theorist in Ming dynasty, and to explore Feng's intentions of creation. In addition to his work of sanqu, Hail Fu Shan Tang Ci Gao (an anthology of sanqu), Feng also created zaju, Liang Zhuang Yuan Bu Fu Lao Yu Dian Chuan Lu Ji (In this thesis , the name of the zaju is called Liang Zhuang Yuan Bu Fu Lao in general.) and Seng Ni Gong Fan. Liang Zhuang Yuan Bu Fu Lao Yu Dian Chuan Lu Ji describes the leading role, Hao Liang's life dream in pursuing a governmental position by unceasingly taking the Imperial Examination until he finally succeeds. In the process of realizing the dream, Liang suffers great tortures from numerous times of failures, which resembles the fact that Feng pursued his in real life. This drama is no other than a reflection of Feng's life experience. Liang Zhuang Yuan Bu Fu Lao describes how Hao Liang achieves his goal and finally becomes a zhuang yuan (the number one scholar on the Imperial Examination). This zaju includes five scenes and a prologue. It blends zaju and chuan qi, presenting the drama trend in Ming dynasty, which reveals Feng's originality. Although Feng praised his leading role's tenacity to run after his dream by presenting his inner frustration, hesitation, struggle, and then insistence, he actually disclosed the brutal facts caused by the Imperial Examination. With this work, Feng denounced the maladies resulted from the Imperial Examination and reminded the literati of another more serious issue- a life choice trial.

並列關鍵字

Weimin Feng ； Liang Zhuang Yuan Bu Fu Lao ； Bu Fu Lao ； zaju in Ming dynasty ； Act Arrangement