毒癮愛滋感染者社會適應之探討

A Study On Social Adjustment among HIV-Positive Injection Drug Users

陳怡伶 ； 宋麗玉

《社會工作實務與研究學刊》 1期 (2014/12) Pp. 117+119+121-137

https://doi.org/10.6690/JSWPR.2014.1.6

摘要

毒癮愛滋感染者在社會適應的歷程中往往面臨雙重標籤的壓力，在重返社會的過程，他們如何與疾病共存？以及哪些因素又影響著他們適應的歷程呢？本研究的目的主要在了解影響毒癮愛滋感者社會適應之重要因素，以利社會工作者或相關專業人員對此服務對象能有不同認識，並發展出相關處遇策略。本研究採質性研究法，以立意取樣方法，透過南部某精神醫療院所之專業人員(醫師、護理人員、個案管理師)推薦正參與「毒癮病患愛滋減害計畫」之毒癮愛滋感染者，以及此領域之專家與受訪者的介紹，共計有十二位受訪者。研究結果可歸納出影響毒癮愛滋感染者社會適應的因素，主要以三大層面為主：個人(原本生活認知模式、自我價值、情緒狀態、情緒調適模式)、社會網絡(家庭、人際、正式網絡)，與外部環境(工作狀態、疾病曝光程度、社會對疾病接納程度)，且三者間具有循環與交互影響的作用。依據研究結果，提出幾點建議作為參考：1.增加毒癮愛滋感者衛教課程之多元性(含自我認知、情緒調適技巧)，以提升其個人復元優勢與社會適應、2.規劃工作技能訓練或就業媒合之方案、3.家屬衛教團體、4.提供家族治療之資源、5.建立個管模式、整合網絡資源，提供個別化需求的全人服務、6.增進減害計畫之彈性、7.持續推動專業人員與社會大眾對愛滋患者的尊重與接納。

關鍵字

毒癮愛滋感染者 ； 社會網絡 ； 社會適應

並列摘要

This study explored the social adjustment among HIV-Positive Injection drug users. They often face the pressure of dual labeling in the process of returning to the community. How do they living with the disease? What factors affect the course of their adjustment? Qualitative method was utilized to capture the profound experiences of this population. Totaled 12 participants were interviewed by using semi-structured interviewing technique. The participants were selected through two ways: one from the recommendations of a mental hospital in southern Taiwan; the other from the snowball sampling suggested by specialists in the field. The major findings of this study were as follows: The factors that affect the social adjustment included individual (the original life cognitive model, self-worth, emotional reactions, emotional oriented adjustment method), social network (informal and formal network relationship) and external environmental (work status, craved for drugs, the exposure of the disease, and social acceptance) levels. Moreover, the three levels of factors had interactive impact on the subjects. Based on the findings, the investigator made some suggestions: 1. To increase the diversity of health education curriculum (include self-cognition, emotional adjustment skills), thus the strengths for recovery and social adjustment can be enhanced. 2. To plan programs for teaching job skills or matchmaking for employment. 3. To provide group service on family health education. 4. To provide family therapy. 5. To establish case management services for individualized needs. 6. To enhance the flexibility in harm reduction plan. 7. To advocate professionals and the publics to treat AIDS patients with respect and acceptance.

並列關鍵字

HIV-positive injection drug users ； social network ； social adjustment

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