朴子溪圍潭溼地復育工程對景觀生態之影響

嘉義縣朴子溪圍潭濕地於民國94年9月1日至95年8月31日，進行環境景觀生態棲地之復育工作，此生態工程包含堤防綠化美化、濕地整建、蚵殼賞鳥步道的建置。目的是希望藉由改變濕地內部水道，讓水流流經更多地區，擴展濕地面積，增加底棲生物，吸引候鳥來此棲息，以期恢復以往的盛況。而蚵殼步道建置，可讓民眾更容易親近觀察濕地生態。本文之主要目的在研究溼地的動植物資源、生態系關係、及生態工程過程中對濕地生態的影響，包括植物、鳥類、魚類及甲殼類棲地環境及數量的變化。我們以嘉義縣朴子溪圍潭溼地為對象，透過長期的資料蒐集及田野生態環境監測，研究該濕地在景觀工程前、中、後期的生態變化。研究結果顯示，植物種類共30科89種，溼地內以茳茳鹹草、巴拉草、蘆葦、象草、空心菜為主要植物。發現鳥種共18科41種如綠頭鴨、琵嘴鴨、高蹺鴴及埃及聖環。圍潭濕地的水源來自朴子溪，其中魚的種類與朴子溪息息相關，調查結果有八種魚類及八種招潮蟹，濕地內泥灘地上到處可見彈塗魚及招潮蟹出沒，可見本區生態資源異常豐富，是個很有潛力的濕地棲息環境。研究亦指出景觀生態結構中，不同植群區塊與面積大小，會影響棲息鳥類種數的多寡，而生態棲地復育工程的進行對濕地景觀生態有明顯的衝擊。

關鍵字

濕地；景觀生態；生態工程；棲地復育

並列摘要

The Weitan Wetland in Puzi Stream, Chiayi County, had been conducted with the restoration work of landscape ecology from September 1, 2005 to August 31, 2006. The work consists of greening along embankments, reconstruction of the wetland, and construction of the bird-watching path made of oyster shells. This new construction work is aimed to make water flow into more areas by changing internal water course of wetland, to increase underwater creatures and migratory birds by expanding the wetland area, to attract more people to observe wetland ecology by building the oyster shell path. This study is to investigate the impact of construction on wetland ecology such as the quantity and species change of birds, the area and species change of plants, and interaction within the ecological system of wetland. By twenty-month field study, it is found that thirty families and eighty-nine species of plants. The main plants in the wetland are Cyperus malaccensis, Brachiaria mutica, Phragmites communis, Pennisetum purpureum and Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Eighteen families and forty-one species of birds such as Anas platyrhynchos, Himantopus himantopus and Threskiornis aethiopicus are found in the wetland. Eight species of fish and eight species of Uca arcuata are found too. It is very often to see the appearance of Periophthalmus cantonensis and Uca arcuata on the mud here. This study suggests that this wetland has pretty rich ecological resources and is a very potential habitat. We also found that in the landscape ecology structure, different plant patches and areas will affect the number of bird species. Moreover, the construction of restoration work has a significant impact on the landscape ecology of this wetland.