綠色校園對國小學童身體活動量影響之初探

A preliminary study of Green Schoolyard influence of the amount of physical activity for elementary school students

傅馨柔(Sin-Rou Fu) ； 曾慈慧(Tzuhui A. Tseng)

《造園景觀學報》 19卷4期 (2013/12) Pp. 51-72

摘要

許多關於健康與環境品質的相關研究顯示自然環境對兒童健康與身體活動量的重要性。校園是兒童進行身體活動的主要場所，然而國內卻少有研究探討校園環境自然度與兒童身體活動量的關係。本研究以「西雅圖綠因子」(Seattle Green Factor)作為指標，依照班級數目及校地面積各抽取四等級中的某一國小進行樣本抽樣，透過遙測及實地勘查四所國小的共同表面型態，並利用專家評估法得出共同表面型態之綠因子權數值，以全球定位系統和心跳運動手錶作為測量儀器，搭配問卷紀錄學童基本資料、戶外活動時間、頻率，以及本研究發展的身體活動量問卷，結合校園綠因子指數進行分析。本研究主要研究結果如下：一、綠因子指數在兒童總身體活動時間與從事某些活動程度中並沒有量化趨勢上的差異。二、於高綠因子指數國小就讀的兒童，在體育課參與、下課活動總秒數與不同程度身體活動量活動時間中均對健康呈現較高的正面影響。三、校園綠因子指數與身體活動量呈現正向關係的國小除了樹木眾多外，部分開放表面型態、運動場與草坪面積佔總面積比重高，有助於提升身體活動量。四、兒童的體能活動多在學校中產生，但下課時的身體活動量仍嫌不足。

關鍵字

西雅圖綠因子 ； 國小學童 ； 身體活動量

並列摘要

Many studies regarding health and environment quality showed the importance of natural environment to children's health and physical activities. Schoolyard is the main place where children do physical activities during a day. However, there is a lack of domestic studies exploring the relationship between the degree of natural schoolyard environment and the amount of children's physical activities. This study used Seattle Green Factor as indicator, sampled one school from each of the different Urban Planning District Elementary School levels, according to the number of classes and area of the campus. Common surface patterns of the four schools are collected through aerial photographs and field studies, and expert assessment is used to evaluate the green factors' effectiveness of common surface patterns. GPS and heart rate monitoring watches are used as measure instruments, along with questionnaires to record children's background information, time of outdoor activity, and frequency. Physical activity questionnaire this study developed combined with schoolyard green factor index are analyzed together. The main results of this study are as following: 1. Green factor index do not have quantitative differences in children's total physical activity time and some activities. 2. Children studying in schools with high green factor level have higher participation rate in physical education class, longer activity time during recess, and different levels of physical activity time, which all have positive influence on health. 3. Besides having a lot of trees, elementary schools which showed a positive relation between schoolyard green factor and physical activity have partially open surface pattern, and big proportions of playground and lawn areas, which all help promote physical activities. 4. Children's physical activities mostly happen in school, but the amount of physical activities happened during recess is still not enough.

並列關鍵字

Seattle Green Factor ； Elementary school students ； Physical Activity