應用景觀生態學探討都市綠地空間之變遷

Effect of the urban green space transition from the perspectives of landscape ecology

蔡岡廷(Kang Ting, Tsai) ； 謝逸晴(I-Chin Hesieh)

《造園景觀學報》 19卷4期 (2013/12) Pp. 73-91

摘要

都市土地利用變遷對自然綠地空間環境造成衝擊，過去研究探討都市化土地利用對自然環境衝擊，多以單一環境指標探討，較無法了解全面性的衝擊，不易掌握環境衝擊的空間特性。近年來隨著台中市的快速變化導致綠地空間的破碎化，而使得綠地空間在都市中的功能逐漸喪失。本研究將綠地空間變遷量化，分析變遷後綠地空間景觀生態意涵和功能。依據國土利用調查分類標準調查綠地建置空間地理資料庫。應用景觀生態學景觀生態指數對綠地空間做定量描述。應用1993年和2009年台中市綠地空間地理資訊系統，進行都市空間梯度分析，探討都市景觀變遷。研究結果顯示空間梯度分析可將都市化的空間模式數量化，並確切確認都市化中心位置。

關鍵字

景觀生態學 ； 景觀生態指數 ； 綠地空間 ； 梯度分析

並列摘要

The change of green spaces in the city is unavoidable during the process of urban development. Although many case studies have already discussed about the impact to the natural environmental index rather than the comprehensive impacts. Meanwhile, possibly owing to the lack of more detailed and identical information of the changes of green spaces, most studies failed to explain spatial analysis more deeply and to master the spatial characteristics of the environmental impacts. With the rapid change of urban area in Taichung city during the past years, green spaces have been fragmented and dispersed causing impairment and dysfunction of these important urban elements. The objective of this study was to quantify the changes of green spaces and to analyze the result in terms of landscape ecology principles and functioning of green spaces. This study first surveyed the data of green spaces in Taichung city and created a relevant geographical information database according to the classification standards of Taiwan Area National Land Use Survey. Then, we applied landscape ecology calculations to derive metrics that quantified pattern of the changes in the green spaces. We also using the GIS-based green space data set of the year from 1993 to 2009 and combining gradient analysis with landscape metrics. The results showed that the spatial pattern of urbanization could be reliably quantified using landscape metrics with a gradient analysis approach, and the location of the urbanization center could be identified precisely and consistently with multiple indices. This study demonstrated the additional insights into the changes of green spaces by integrating the gradient analysis with landscape metrics. Additionally, the study discussed how changes of green spaces are related to the forms of urban growth.

並列關鍵字

Landscape ecology ； Landscape metrics ； Gradient analysis ； Green space