論盧梭公民宗教的概念及其與自然宗教的張力

On Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Concept of Civil Religion and its Tension with Natural Religion

孫向晨(SUN Xiangchen)

《道風：基督教文化評論》 30期 (2009/01) Pp. 115-141

摘要

無資料

關鍵字

政治與宗教 ； 公民宗教 ； 人的宗教 ； 激進的與保守的

並列摘要

Jean-Jacques Rousseau writes Social Contract and Emile during the same period and he raises two concepts, civil religion and natural religion, respectively in these two books. These two concepts are opposite at political level. For the former stresses particular social identity and the later is from the perspective of universal humanity. What is the real relation between these two concepts is a key junction in Rousseau's thoughts. As for the social contract in the early modem political thoughts, Rousseau thinks that reason alone is not enough for the basis of social contract, so he raises the concept of civil religion in order to give a divine dimension for this contract and strengthen the particular identity of those citizens. On the other hand, civil religion must avoid the malpractice of the national religion and religion of the Priest in the history, which brought bloody wars. At the same time, Rousseau raises other set of concepts: religion of the man, natural religion and religion of the Gospel, which are actually the same religion that originates from the true humanity. And these religions are inclined to a universalism, opposite to the particular civil religion. According to some interpretations, through Rousseau's special definition of civil religion, it becomes a civil version of natural religion in order to combine these two elements. These interpretations sound reasonable, but does not reveal the significance of the tension between civil religion and natural religion. In fact natural religion corresponds with the general society of whole human beings and civil religion corresponds with the particular political society. Unlike Karl Marx, Rousseau has no confidence of such a general society and takes a skeptical attitude to it. In this sense he is not a radical. He pays more attention to the particular society and provides more conservative functions to the civil religion.

並列關鍵字

Politics and Religion ； Civil Religion ； Religion of the Human ； Radical and Conservative