This article reviews the content of the "theory of religious ecology" and how the theory draws attentions and develops in China. It also analyses the judgment on the imbalance of religious ecology and reasons for the rapid growth of Christianity, as well as a number of policies and proposals, which are based on the theory. Finally, this article points out that the emergence of the "theory of religious ecology" is a result of both the internal innovation and development of the social-scientific research of religion in China and the response triggered from the "cultural anxiety" of the Chinese religious studies academia while facing globalization.