中世紀樞機的職責轉變與教宗選舉

The Changes in the Responsibilities of the Cardinals and the Papal Election in the Middle Ages

張弢(ZHANG Tao)

《道風：基督教文化評論》 47期 (2017/07) Pp. 77-110

摘要

無資料

關鍵字

中世紀 ； 樞機職責 ； 教宗選舉

並列摘要

One of the major duties of the College of Cardinals is the papal election. However, the original responsibility of cardinals was represented merely in the ceremony of the Roman church. The changes in their responsibilities affected the formation of papal election. In the second half of 11th century, namely under the historical background of the Investiture Controversy, the cardinals were enabled to participate in church governing and administration. Later, the cardinal bishops at first obtained the right to elect the new pope through the decree of papal election 1059, which has a true version and a fake one. The two decrees give different descriptions on the right to vote among the cardinals. Finally, the responsibilities of cardinals have transformed from ceremonial to governmental, and all cardinals obtained the right to vote in the papal election. The former was one of the measures to reform the Holy See, the latter was also a reforming measure, meanwhile recording the changes of the papal election in the Middle Ages.

並列關鍵字

Middle Ages ； Responsibilities of the Cardinals ； Papal Election