教宗首席权与无误论的中世纪历史背景及其相关政治哲学问题论要

本文以教宗首席权之政治哲学意义为主导论题，在时间上以俗世史为枢键而尝试勾勒自古典晚期（教父时代晚期）历经中世纪以至于文艺复兴直至19世纪之相关历史背景，从研究方法、问题的品性、问题的历史渊源、问题的关联性以及问题的时代表征等方面入手而加以考察，围绕教宗与教会改革、教会改革时期的教宗与主教职权任免之争、多种张力关系中的教宗职能以及教宗选举规则的制定、阿维尼昂的流亡与教宗分裂、文艺复兴开端时期的教宗、教宗首席权作为牧灵的责任与传教的使命，以期给出相关历史整体之概貌，提点出主导论题的内在展开线索，条贯主导论题与俗世史之关联；最终，从教会内部结构的变化、教会内在诉求及其与现代国家政治思想以及法律的关系等方面，提点出首席权与无误论的政治哲学之意义。

關鍵字

教宗；首席权；无误论；教会改革；主教任免

並列摘要

This article has his main theme not only about the papal Primacy and Infallibility, but also on their political meaning contemporary; After the orientation of methodic it discusses at first mainly the medieval background even to the 19. Centry, and then the question about the reference of the church-and profane history, multy strained moments of inner-church-and profane political structure, Pope and his reform, investitur, schism of Pope etc. at the end is conclusion on the contemporary meaning of the discussed question in several aspects.