同情利他－－宗教與科學一種可能的對話

Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis: A Tentative Dialogue between Science and Religions

馮梓璉(FENG Zilian)

《道風：基督教文化評論》 48期 (2018/01) Pp. 195-223

摘要

無資料

關鍵字

社會生物學 ； 同情利他 ； 宗教與科學的對話

並列摘要

From the perspective of individual competition, group competition and selfish gene, the explanations of altruistic behaviors in modern biology cannot confirm the existence of pure and unlimited altruistic behaviors. Sociobiologists understand ethics, morality, and human conduct on this account, regarding the moral altruistic behaviors as individuals seeking their own self-interests, although the motives of seeking self-interests should be unconscious. However, the social psychology experiments reveal that there are also some altruistic motivations and one of them is empathic concern. The altruistic behaviors produced by empathic concern are motivated with the ultimate goal of increasing another person's own welfare. The imperfection of psychological altruism experiment is the dismissal of religious factor in altruistic behaviors. In fact, the empathic concern exists in most of the world religions. For example, both the parable of the Good Samaritan in Christianity and the first teaching of Buddha in Buddhism express the empathy altruism. And the objects of religious altruism are anyone and everyone, including strangers and enemies. At the same time, empathy altruism is also a duty in Christianity or a natural outcome of Buddhist belief. For this reason, the religions play very important roles in encouraging altruistic behaviors.

並列關鍵字

Sociobiology ； Empathy-altruism Hypothesis ； Dialogue between Science and Religions