十七世紀西班牙方濟會在華傳教策略淺析－以潮州開教為例

Brief Analysis of the Missionary Strategies of the Spanish Franciscans in 17^(th) Century China: Taking Mission in Chaozhou as an Example

葉君洋(YE Junyang)

《道風：基督教文化評論》 54期 (2021/01) Pp. 163-207

摘要

明清之際，西方傳教士紛紛來華，在傳播天主教的同時，也將中西文化交流推向了一個前所未有的新高度。目前，學界對耶穌會士的傳教策略已有豐富的研究。但是，在華傳教的另一股重要力量方濟會卻較少被人提及，大量以西文書寫的相關史料尚未被充分利用。這對建構中國學者視域下的西方傳教史以及展開東西方學界平等對話是不利的。基於此，本文以《方濟會士中國書簡集》中所收錄的傳教士書信為主要依據，通過十七世紀末西班牙方濟會士初入潮州開教一事，對其在華傳教策略做一淺析，旨在闡明十七世紀在華方濟會士，基於對中國的全新認識，已經放棄了早期單一的「下層路線」，而採取靈活多樣的策略，力圖適應中國文化，保障傳教事業。

關鍵字

西班牙 ； 方濟會士 ； 傳教策略 ； 潮州

並列摘要

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, many missionaries arrived in China. While spreading Catholicism, they also pushed the cultural exchanges between China and the western world to an unprecedented new height. Up until our times today, there has been an abundance of researches on the missionary strategies of the Jesuits, while the Franciscans, another vital force, has received little mention among scholars, neither have Spanish language historical materials been properly used. This lack of research has proved unhelpful for reproducing missionary history, both from the perspective of Chinese scholars, and from the perspective of putting eastern and western scholars in an equal conversation. Therefore, this article uses the example of the Franciscans' first mission in Chaozhou to analyze their missionary strategies in China (based on the letters collected in Sinica Franciscana). This article intends to point out that during the 17^(th) century, the Franciscans in China had forgone their early rigid strategy, and had later adopted more flexible strategies, in order to adapt to Chinese culture and to preserve their religious mission.

並列關鍵字

Spain ； Franciscans ； Missionary Strategies ； Chaozhou