《新約》與希臘－羅馬文學的對話－以《約翰福音》和《奧德賽》為例

Dialogue between the New Testament and Greco-Roman Literature: With the Gospel of John and Odyssey as Examples

洪曉純(HONG Xiaochun)

《道風：基督教文化評論》 54期 (2021/01) Pp. 356-382

摘要

《新約》文本醞釀於希臘－羅馬文化與猶太傳統的互動之中，在其中吸收了希臘－羅馬世界的文學資源，但不是單純的模仿。本文以《約翰福音》和《奧德賽》為例，圍繞認識論來展開兩個文本之間的對話。兩者都講述王者回歸故土並與「自己的人」相遇的故事，但奧德修斯的身份最終被眾人所知，而真正認識耶穌的只是少數。兩個文本都將認識活動與「看」這一動作關聯起來，都借助「發現」場景來探討「認識」的問題，但荷馬肯定了「眼見為實」的認識觀，展現古希臘人從神話思維到理性思維的過渡階段；而《約翰福音》的作者則提出一種以啓示和信仰為旨歸的認識觀。概而言之，與希臘－羅馬文學的對話有助調整《約翰福音》研究的焦點、追溯基督教文學的源頭以及更好地展現《新約》的文學價值。

關鍵字

《新約》 ； 希臘－羅馬文學 ； 《約翰福音》 ； 《奧德賽》

並列摘要

The New Testament texts were fermented by the interaction between Greco-Roman culture and Jewish tradition, assimilating literary resource from Greco-Roman world, but not simply being an imitation. This article sets the Gospel of John and Odyssey as examples, centering on epistemology, and initiating a dialogue between these two texts. Both are narratives about the return of a king, and his encounters with his own people, but Odysseus is finally recognized by all, while only several disciples, know about Jesus. In these two texts, cognitive activities are connected with the action 〞see〞 and the scene of anagnorisis is utilized to represent the issue of epistemology. Homer advocates the view of 〞seeing is believing〞, demonstrating the transitory stage between mythos and logos in Ancient Greece. Nonetheless, the Fourth Evangelist challenges this way of knowing. In sum, dialogue between New Testament and Greco-Roman literature contributes to tracing the origins of Christian literature and highlights the literary value of the New Testament. Meanwhile, it can stimulate the exchange between literary and social-historical studies in the field of Early Christianity.

並列關鍵字

New Testament ； Greco-Roman Literature ； The Gospel of John ； Odyssey