信任與現代性的超越之窗－一種對跨越「相對化火溪」可能性的社會學－神學考察

本文旨在通過考察現代信任理論，探討將神學與社會科學相結合以分析現代性議題的思想可能性。在簡要勾勒盧曼奠基性的信任研究後，本文聚焦於吉登斯對信任的現代性分析。在他看來，現代信任現象既與現代社會的三大動力機制密切相關，同時亦是人格發展的重要環節。但圍繞信任的社會學分析主要沿水平向度展開，故有必要從神學的垂直向度考察現代信任研究中開啟「朝向超越之窗」的思想可能性。為此，本文引入了貝格爾歸納信仰的神學方法與知識社會學的分析進路。該方法與進路為神學家跨越社會學所構建的「相對化火溪」提供了恰切的出發點和觀察視角，有助我們思考在現代社會開啟垂直向度的可能性並將此向度納入對「人的思想完整性」的理解之中。

關鍵字

信任；現代性；反身性；歸納信仰；過渡禮儀

並列摘要

This article examines contemporary sociological theories of trust, formulated by Nicholas Luhmann and Anthony Giddens, so as to explore the possibility of analyzing crucial issues concerning modernity. A synthetic approach is used, which attempts to combine social science with theology. After briefly sketching Luhmann's notion of trust, the article focuses on Giddens' careful delineation of trust and the modern world. In Giddens' view, trust is not only closely related to the three forces behind the essential characteristics of modernity, but also plays an important role in the development of one's personality. By examining these two aspects of trust, however, one can see that the horizontal dimension, hidden in the contemporary sociological analysis of trust, should be supplemented by and balanced with the vertical dimension revealed by a theological perspective. To cross ＂the fiery brook of relativization＂ with which contemporary theologians are confronted and then to explore the possibility of opening up the window towards transcendence in our modern world, the article then introduces Peter Berger's theological method of ＂inductive faith＂ and his approach of sociology of knowledge. This provides a proper starting point, allowing us to critically examine the sociologist notions of trust, and some presuppositions of their analysis of modernity, from a more comprehensive perspective. As a result, it can be concluded that this synthetic approach could substantially contribute to the possibility of opening up the vertical dimension in the modern world and thus to a more integrated understanding of humanity.

並列關鍵字

Trust ； Modernity ； Reflexivity ； Inductive Faith ； Rites of Passage

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