七○年代鄉土小說華臺語語碼轉換之意涵－以黃春明作品〈鑼〉為觀察對象

七○年代臺灣在政治、經濟型態劇烈轉變下，傳統社會結構的崩解對民眾造成莫大影響。此時作家的書寫轉向社會關懷，聚焦於社會底層大眾的生活實況，鄉土文學蔚為風潮。對於鄉土文學的研究多從書寫風格、文學技巧等處著手。然而形式與內容密不可分，戰後臺灣文學的書寫一直以華文為主要語體。臺灣在特殊的歷史背景所造就的多語環境下，華臺語語碼轉換在日常生活隨處可見。黃春明為鄉土文學代表作家之一，作品中常見以語碼轉換呈現鄉土特色。這些語言形式不僅發生在口語中，也呈現在文學作品中，並形成特殊文體風格，反映作家的思維態度。本文從華臺語語碼轉換的視角探討鄉土小說中之語言轉換的結構模式與目的動因，進一步解讀小說中語言所代表之社會意義，瞭解作家於語碼轉換中潛藏之思想內涵，將有助於從語言形式層面提供研究鄉土文學時之蹊徑。

關鍵字

七○年代；郷土小說；語碼轉換；臺語；黃春明；〈鑼〉

並列摘要

Taiwan has gone through a radical shifting in politics and economics in the 1980s, and the disintegration of traditional social structures has a great impact on people. Writers changed their subject matters to social cares and focused on underprivileged lives. Literature blossomed at that period. Previous research on local literature was primarily conducted from the perspectives of writing styles and writing techniques. However, form and content are inseparable. After the Second World War, Mandarin Chinese is used as the main written language in Taiwan literature. Due to the special historical and multilingual backgrounds, code-switching between Mandarin Chinese and Taiwanese becomes not uncommon in people's daily lives. Huang Chun-Ming, one of the representative local writers, uses code-switching frequently in his works. Code-switching not only happens in spoken language but also forms a special style in literature works, reflecting writers' manner of thinking. By examining the code-switching between Mandarin Chinese and Taiwanese, this paper investigates the interpretation of structures and motivation in local literature. Moreover, to understand the connotation between ideology and the code-switching, the study explains the social meanings in the novel. It is hoped that this paper will shed some light on the research of local literature in terms of language forms.