Noun Incorporation, Doubling, and Predicate Restriction: The Case of Budai Rukai

名詞併合、論元重複和謂語縮義：以霧台魯凱語為例

陳承甫(Cheng-Fu CHEN)

《臺灣語文研究》 17卷1期 (2022/04) Pp. 117-178

https://doi.org/10.6710/JTLL.202204_17(1).0004

摘要

This paper examines a type of noun incorporation and its related patterns of doubling in Budai Rukai (Austronesian, Taiwan). An incorporated nominal root is indefinite and forms a close morphological bond with the incorporating verb. The nominal root modifies the predicate semantically and does not act as a direct object. The resulting forms describe various activities and exhibit properties of (in)transitivity and (a)telicity. Noun incorporation of such is formed by an array of verbal prefixes and nominal roots, while doubling is limited to a handful of complex verbs.

關鍵字

noun incorporation ； doubling ； predicate restriction ； saturation ； Austronesian language

並列摘要

本文檢視霧台魯凱語（台灣南島語）中的一種名詞併合以及其相關的論元重複現象。在一般情況中，一個無定詞根會與一個動詞前綴併合，兩者間有緊密的構詞結合力。被併合的名詞詞根僅修飾併合謂語的語義，本身並非直接受詞。名詞併合現象所產生的複雜動詞描述不同類型的行為或活動（參照Mithun 1984）。這些併合句式牽涉到及物性和完事性的特點。名詞併合加上論元重複會產生及物句，其描述的事件通常已完事；相對來說，非及物句則非完事，而且缺乏內在論元。根據Chung and Ladusaw（2004）的理論架構，本文主張併合名詞詞根的功能乃為限縮謂語的語義，並未造成論元飽和，而併合句中的重複論元才是能造成論元飽和的直接受詞。此外，霧台魯凱語的名詞併合可由一系列的動詞前綴和名詞詞根構成，而論元重複則僅限於少數的複雜動詞。

並列關鍵字

名詞併合 ； 論元重複 ； 謂語縮義 ； 飽和 ； 南島語

參考文獻

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