重度視障者使用大眾交通工具之研究以五位台北市重度視覺障礙者為例

The Study of Blind Users by Taking Mass Transportation Issues: A Case for five severe visual impairment of Taipei City

李森光(Lee, San-Kuang)

《愛盲視覺障礙敘說與研究》 2017 (2017/04) Pp. i-vi+1-41+43-185+187-203+205-327

摘要

本研究以重度視障者作為研究對象，藉此探究其對於無障礙大眾交通運輸工具的認知情形、使用歷程與經驗、定向行動對於重度視障者搭乘大眾交通運輸工具的重要性，以及對於無障礙大眾交通運輸工具軟硬體設施的需求與建議。為達研究之目的，首先以文獻分析來釐清視覺障礙、重度視障者的定義及其行為特徵與現況，再者，為強調大眾交通運輸工具相關提供者所需賦與的社會責任，本研究也試圖從大眾交通運輸工具的定義與身障法規等面向進一步探討，並整理國內外關於無障礙大眾交通運輸工具相關文獻、法規，透過資料分析及現況的比對，瞭解現今台北市無障礙大眾交通運輸工具提供的概況。最後，藉由焦點團體訪談、實地觀察、相關受訪者親師訪談，探究重度視障者之搭乘大眾交通運輸工具的經驗，定向行動對於重度視障者搭乘大眾交通運輸工具的重要性與對於無障礙交通設施的需求。根據本研究之發現可歸結出以下結論：一、對於無障礙大眾交通運輸工具的認知情形，從焦點團體訪談與五位受訪者親師訪談可知，由於目前政府對於無障礙大眾交通運輸工具尤其在台北市的建設已有相當規模，因此對於無障礙設施的認知都有基本的認識。二、無障礙交通設施中，對於重度視障者特別重要的設施有語音報站系統、點字說明、引導設施、導盲磚、有聲語音號誌、捷運引導人員、一般大眾主動協助、友善的人文環境。三、重度視障者對捷運與火車的語音播報系統較為滿意，但對公車語音播報系統的設置則仍感不足；至於有聲號誌，重度視障者認為其使用效果還不錯，但認為設置的地點太少。四、定向行動訓練對於重度視障者搭乘大眾交通運輸工具非常重要，由此次焦點團體訪談、相關受訪者親師訪談可以了解，重度視障者由於眼睛看不到，如果沒有接受定向行動相關課程的訓練，將無法順利出門，甚至是搭乘大眾交通運輸工具；另外，定向行動訓練除了相關技能的學習，心理輔導與基本社交技巧訓練也是重點。五、在搭乘大眾交通運輸工具過程中，對於重度視障者造成的困擾有看不到公車號碼、找不到公車站牌、人行道騎樓障礙物過多、汽機車駕駛不禮讓行人、計程車司機服務態度不佳、引導設施缺乏造成迷路或走偏等狀況、台鐵無障礙設施與服務人員素質不足，造成重度視障者搭乘火車過程處處受阻礙與歧視，民眾缺乏視障教育與重度視障者行動過程中有言語的誤解，交通執法人員欠缺對身障之基本觀念，在重度視障者行動過程中沒有給予適當協助。六、近年來相關改善的部份有捷運、高鐵設置引導服務人員協助重度視障者搭車，讓重度視障者搭乘捷運、高鐵更安心，台北市公車增設語音報站系統，讓重度視障者搭車更方便，台北市身心障礙復康巴士車量增加，讓重度視障者有更多機會搭乘復康巴士，人文關懷有進步，讓重度視障者行動過程得到更多的溫暖與幫忙。七、重度視障者搭乘不同的大眾交通工具，其遭遇的問題不一，而造成搭乘大眾交通運輸工具問題的原因，可歸類為環境及個人兩大因素，其中以無障礙設施及個人視覺感官障礙所造成的問題占大多數。根據研究結果，本研究分別對相關單位及後續研究提出建議，希望對改善重度視障者搭乘大眾交通運輸工具的問題能有所助益。

關鍵字

視覺障礙 ； 重度視障者 ； 大眾交通運輸工具 ； 無障礙交通設施 ； 定向行動 ； 焦點團體訪談

並列摘要

The severe visual impairment was studied here. This thesis was intended to explore both the severe visual impairments' cognition and using experiences of accessible environment, and the importance of their orientation and mobility skills when taking public transportations. Other suggestions and severe visual impairments' demand for either software or hardware of accessible environment also were aims of the study. To proceeding the inquiry, first, severe visual impairment's definition, behavioral characteristics, and their states of play were identified by analyzed literatures. In order to emphasize what's the social responsibility that should be taken by those who run public transport facilities, I further studied the definitions of public transport facilities and disabled right law. Then, I analyzed regulations and literatures from domestic and abroad. To comprehend current accessible environment in Taipei public transportation, this study compared current states of accessible environment with data analyses. Based on focusing group interviewing, field observation, and interviewing with targets' relations and instructors, following research findings were concluded: 1. Both severe visual impairments and their relations and instructors all have basic cognition of accessible environment because the government has considerably structured it --- especially in Taipei City. 2. For severe visual impairments, the most important elements of accessible environment are: Stop Reporter, Braille board, guide facility system, guide bricks, traffic signs with sound, personal guide service in MRT, voluntary helpers in crowd, and humane surroundings. 3. Severe visual impairments are much more satisfied with the broadcasting systems both in MRT and railway than those in buses. Regarding the traffic signs with sound, they are satisfied with the efficiency, but the number of install location is too small to fulfill their needs. 4. The capabilities of Orientation and Mobility are very significant while severe visual impairment taking public transportations. Without it, they will have fewer capable of going out freely, needless to say taking any public transportation. All interviewees expressed their fully understanding of it as severe visual impairments lack of sight. In addition to skills' training, the capabilities of Orientation and Mobility offer psychological counsel and basic social skills training. 5. In process to taking a public transportation, listed below are reasons caused of severe visual impairments' difficulties: Unknowing bus number and failure in discovering the bus stop. There are too much obstacles to sidewalk or arcade. Motorcycle riders and drivers ignore pedestrians’ existence. Many taxi drivers have poor service attitude. Get lost or wrong direction because short of guide facility system. Without any barrier-free facility and their low quality of custom service in Taiwan Railway, both of them forced severe visual impairments to receive biased service. Traffic conductors without basic knowledge of severe visual impairments seldom offer proper assistance to them. Citizens with poor education often misunderstand sever visual impairments. 6. In recent years, there is some conspicuous improvement. Both MRT and THSR (Taiwan High Speed Rail) offer personal guide service for severe visual impairments. It makes them be relieved passengers. The Stop Reporter has been set up on Taipei Bus. Therefore severe visual impairments are much convenient while taking buses in Taipei. The number of Fu-Kang Bus in Taipei has been increased. It let sever visual impairments have much more chance to take them. Sever visual impairments received much more friendly hands from strangers. 7. The difficulties in taking public transportation for students with visual impairments are varied from person to person. However, an individual's vision loss and access to the facilities have most effect on theses issues. Suggestions for improvement of public transportation for the students with visual impairments, application for future research are also addressed.

並列關鍵字

visual impairments ； severe visual impairments ； public transportations ； accessible environments ； the Orientation and Mobility ； focusing group interviewing