Halothane Requirement - A Comparison Between Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion and Endotracheal Tube Intubation in Pediatric Patients

Background: The present study was to determine the effective concentration of halothane for insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and for intubation of endotracheal tube (ETT) in pediatric patients. Methods: Forty-eight ASA class 1 patients, aged from 10 months to 6 years, scheduled for minor elective surgery were randomly assigned to two groups i.e., LMA and ETT. The concentration of halothane effective in fifty percent of patients (EC_(50))was determined by the up-and-down method (with 0.5% as a step size). After the predetermined concentration of halothane delivered from a calibrated vaporizer was established and maintained for 20 min, LMA insertion or ETT intubation was attempted without the patient being curarized. The response of patient to LMA or ETT was reported either as ＂movement＂ or ＂non-movement＂. The effective concentration and associated 95% confidence limits were determined in each group. Results: An effective concentration of halothane for LMA insertion was 1.5±0.4% (95% confidence limits 1.4-1.7%), whereas that for ETT intubation was 2.3±0.5% (95% confidence limits 2.1-2.5%). The difference between these two values was statistically significant (p ＜0.01). Airway reflexes after LMA insertion were minimal. Conclusions: The insertion of LMA could be performed at a significantly less halothane concentration in comparison with ETT intubation in children.

關鍵字

Anesthetics, inhalational: halothane ； Intubation, intratracheal: laryngeal mask airway, endotracheal tube ； Pediatrics

並列摘要

背景：本研究目的在比較在小兒病患放置喉罩管（LMA）及氣管內管（ETT）所需要halothane的有效濃度（EC_(50)）。方法：48位兒科病患（10月－6歲）接受體表手術經隨機分成二組，LMA及ETT。經由麻醉氣體揮發器给予一預先決定的濃度20分鐘後，進行喉罩管及氣管內管的放置；病患的反應分為有或無動作發生。50％病患有效濃度（EC_(50)）用up-and-down方法（每次上升或下降0.5％）求得，並計算95％信賴區間。結果：喉罩管（LMA）放置的halothane EC_(50)為1.5±0.4％（95％信賴區間為1.4－1.7％），而氣管內管放置的halothane EC_(50)為2.3±0.5％（95％信賴區間為2.1－2.5％）二者呈顯著差異（p＜0.01），喉罩管對呼吸道的刺激反應較輕微。結論：喉罩管比氣管內管可在較低的halothane濃度放置，呼吸道副作用較少。

並列關鍵字

吸入性麻醉劑：halothane ；氣管內置放術：喉罩管，氣管內管，小兒

國際替代計量

Halothane Requirement - A Comparison Between Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion and Endotracheal Tube Intubation in Pediatric Patients

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