論海巡機關驅離外國民用船舶非無害通過之法制

A Study on Taiwan's Legal Regime Concerning Coast Guard's Expulsion of Foreign Civilian Vessels in Non-innocent Passage

陳國勝(Kuo-Sheng CHEN)

《中央警察大學水上警察學報》 7期 (2018/12) Pp. 47-78

摘要

依據1982年《聯合國海洋法公約》第17條之規定，一般的外國船舶享有無害通過沿海國領海之權利；亦即在正常情況下，不損害沿海國的「和平、良好秩序或安全」，得在「繼續不停、迅速的通過」沿海國的領海。在該公約第21條第1項授權沿海國得對於管制外國無害通過，得以訂定通過的法律與規章。我國相應訂有《中華民國領海及鄰接區法》作為繼承該公約規定，要求外國船舶我國領海時無害通過的定義中以「不損害我國的和平、良好秩序與安全」與「以連續不停迅速進行」為重點，且更進一步規定當認定外國民用船舶通過領海的行為是有害時，採取相關作為。有害行為計可分為積極有害行為的走私、偷渡、污染、捕魚等違法行為；另對於消極有害的滯停、排徊等行為予以規定。海巡機關認為該外國船舶實施通過領海的行為係非屬無害通過，如欲發動驅離出境，相關法制之分析。

關鍵字

無害通過 ； 驅離 ； 《中華民國領海及鄰接區法》

並列摘要

Article 17 of 1982 UNCLOS provided that ＂ships of all states enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea of coastal states＂. In other words, Passage shall be continuous and expeditious, and is innocent so long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State. And the article 21 paragraph 1 empowers coastal States to adopt laws and regulations relating to innocent passage through the territorial sea. The above-mentioned articles related to innocent passage were internalized by the Law on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone of the Republic of China (the Law). However, as to the so-called ＂not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State＂ and ＂continuous and expeditious＂, the Law does not have any specific and complete regulations about passive non-innocent actions like hovering. The essay concludes with suggestions that besides active non-innocent actions, Taiwan government should take more substantial law enforcement measures about passive non-innocent actions like hovering.

並列關鍵字

innocent passage ； expulsion