船舶意外事故所致海洋污染之證據調查及損害評估研究

A Study on the Legal Regime and Practice of Damage & Evidence with regard to Marine pollution arising from Ship Incidents

陳正傑(Chieh-Cheng Chen)

《致理法學》 5期 (2009/03) Pp. 23-70

摘要

海洋污染已經成為眾所周知的嚴重環境問題，由數起嚴重的船舶意外事故所造成的汙染，已對於相關海洋環境保護公約產生了舉足輕重的影響。在此同時，關於海洋環境的保護，尤其是海洋污染的預防方面，已經成為了近年來海洋法的重要課題。尤其是因為意外事故造成的油污染損害，造成了嚴重的結果，而如何去填補被害人所受到的損害，是一個相當受到關注的議題。本文試圖討論關於沿海國面對船舶碰撞或其他意外所造成海洋污染在民事求償上所遭遇的部分問題。

關鍵字

油污染 ； 損害賠償 ； 海洋法 ； 油輪 ； 意外

並列摘要

It is generally recognized now that marine pollution has developed into a serious environmental problem and there is little need to emphasized this aspect of the issue. At the same time, the protection of the marine environment, and the prevention of marine pollution in particular, has become a major item of the Law of Sea in recent years. Particularly, the damage of the accidental oil pollution is serious, and we concern about how to compensate for damage. Traditional concepts of responsibility and liability cannot solve the problem because the causal connection between pollution and damage, the extent of knowledge required, the foreseeability of harm and the standard of proof required are matters which lie beyond the traditional legal standards. The rules concerning responsibility and liability for pollution damage, often provide for absolute liability, channeling of liability, maximum limits of such absolute liability, and the establislnnent of funds for compensation for pollution damage. This study is concerned with the recent development of conventional law on marine pollution and that the civil liability and damage with regard to marine pollution arising from ship collision and other incidents.

並列關鍵字

Oil pollution ； Damage ； Law of the Sea ； Tanker ； Accident