海洋油污染事件之風險管理與賠償機制之探討

The discussions of marine oil pollution accident risk management and compensation mechanism

何思瑩(Szu-Ying Ho)

指導教授 ： 胡宜仁

淡江大學/商學院/保險學系保險經營碩士班/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2005.00504

摘要

台灣本島四面環海，地處航運要道，附近海域船舶穿梭頻繁，相對提高海洋油污染事件發生的機會，著名的案例為民六十六年布拉格號油輪洩油事故，造成東北部海域自然生態及景觀嚴重的破壞，但卻未因此喚起政府對海洋油污染事件的重視。至民國九十年初，再次發生阿瑪斯號貨輪洩油事故，由於相關單位未能在第一時間研判事故的嚴重性並做到適時適切的救災處理，且港區內亦缺乏清除油污設備及人員，以致於錯失搶救時期，油污染範圍大規模擴散，致使墾丁海域遭受莫大的傷害及損失，影響層面遍及海洋生態環境、漁業經濟、人文社經以及觀光事業。
本文之研究即試圖透過風險管理的角度切入思考政府如何面對海洋油污染事件之防治與損害賠償方面的相關問題，藉由檢視自然環境風險之重要性，進一步探討海洋船舶油污染風險，再歸納整理國際相關海洋油污染防治與損害賠償立法，並剖析美國獨特的油污染賠償制度及廣受船東依賴的防護與補償保險制度，最後回歸討論我國現行法律制度及檢討阿瑪斯號個案處理經驗，經由整體研究之後提出綜合性建議，期以作為政府單位日後處理船舶洩油事故之參考依據。

關鍵字

海洋油污染事件 ； 阿瑪斯號 ； 洩油事故

並列摘要

Taiwan Island is surrounded by ocean and located in the shipping thoroughfare. Vessels and ships shuttle nearby sea area back and forth frequently. Therefore improve the chance of the marine oil pollution accident. 1977 the worldwide noticed Borag case of oil spill accident caused the serious destruction for natural ecology and the view of Taiwan Northeast sea area, but it has not aroused government's attention to the marine oil pollution accident. By the beginning of the 2001, Amorgos cargo ship oil spill accident, due to the relevant departments failed to study and judge the severity of the accident and deal with this kind of disaster with appropriate measures; besides harbor lacked of removing greasy dirt equipment and workers, lose the golden time to rescue by mistake. The range of oil pollution was spread on a large scale, and the sea area of Kenting suffered from greatest injury and loss, influenced many aspect such as marine ecological environment, fishery economic, society culture and tour business.
This research attempted to discuss the question, through the concept of risk management; pondering over the Government how to face the marine oil pollution accident and related compensation for damage. By inspecting the importance of the risk of natural environment, further to discuss the risk of marine oil pollution, and then sum up the international legislate of prevention and damage compensation for marine oil spill, and analyze U.S.A.'s unique OPA 1990 and P&I Club which most ship-owners relied on. In the end, discuss our country’s current legal system and review the real experience of Amorgos case, propose the comprehensive suggestion through integral research, and hope offer a basis of reference for government to deal with the accident of oil spill in the future.

並列關鍵字

Marine oil pollution accident ； Amorgos ； Oil spill

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