植物精油對蕙蘭黑斑病菌之抑菌作用

Inhibitory effect of plant essential oils against Fusarium proliferatum, the causal agent of Cymbidium black spot

曾心媞(Zeng, S. T.) ； 陳宏榮(Chen, H. R.) ； 謝廷芳(Hsieh, T. F)

《植物醫學》 58卷1期 (2016/03) Pp. 33-38

https://doi.org/10.6716/JPM.201603_58(1).0005

摘要

由市面上購得萃取自薰衣草（lavender）、肉桂（cinnamon leaf）、丁香（clove leaf）、鼠尾草（clary sage）、迷迭香（rosemary）、羅勒（basil）、桉樹（eucalyptus）、蘭甜墨角（marjoram sweet）、香酯欖（elemi）、檸檬香矛（lemongrass）、月見草（evening primrose）、天竺葵（geranium）、依蘭（ylang ylang）、檸檬（lemon）、紫蘇（perilla）、橙花（neroli）、檜木（hinoki）、洋甘菊（chamomile）、葡萄柚（grapefruit）及香蜂草（lemon balm）等20種植物的精油，經Tween 80乳化後以水稀釋為125、250、5 00、1000 μl/L，分別測試其對於蕙蘭黑斑病菌Fusarium proliferatum菌株5-3與C-1之孢子發芽與菌絲生長之抑制效果，再將結果換算成各精油對F. proliferatum之50％抑制濃度（Concentration required for 50% inhibition, IC50）及99％抑制濃度（Concentration required for 99% inhibition, IC99）。結果顯示萃取自紫蘇、天竺葵、丁香、肉桂、檜木等五種植物之精油抑制5-3與C-1二菌株之孢子發芽能力最佳，IC_(50)分別為300.1、555.1、629.7、676.9、655.0 μl/L及253.3、493.6、641.4、649.0、691.0 μl/L；而萃取自丁香、肉桂、檜木等三種植物之精油抑制5-3與C-1二菌株之菌絲生長效果最佳，IC_(50)分別為225.7、248.2、395.2 μl/L及270.5、280.8、293.7 μl/L。綜合上述研究結果顯示，植物精油具有調製成植物保護製劑之潛力。

關鍵字

精油 ； 抑制濃度 ； 蕙蘭黑斑病菌 ； 孢子發芽 ； 菌絲生長

並列摘要

Twenty plant essential oils from lavender, cinnamon leaf, clove leaf, clary sage, rosemary, basil, eucalyptus, marjoram sweet, elemi, lemongrass, evening Primrose, geranium, ylang ylang, lemon, pereilla, neroli, hinoki, chamomile, grapefruit and lemon balm were collected and evaluated for their suppression of spore germination and mycelial growth of Fusarium proliferatum, causal agent of Cymbidium black spot. Two isolates of the pathogen, 53- and C-1, were selected for the study. The plant essential oils emulsified by Tween 80 were diluted for the concentration of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 μl/L and tested the inhibitory effects of spore germination on slide and mycelial growth on PDA plate. Concentration required for 50% and 99% inhibition (IC_(50) and IC_(99)) of essential oils on spore germination and mycelia growth of Fusarium proliferatum were determined by ICEstimator software. Data showed that among 20 essential oils, perilla, geranium, clove leaf, cinnamon leaf and hinoki essential oils were the best five oils to inhibit the spore germination of F. proliferatum isolate 5-3 and C-1. IC_(50) of the five essential oils on 5-3 and C-1 isolates was as follows: 300.1, 555.1, 629.7, 676.9, 655.0 μl/L and 253.3, 493.6, 641.4, 649.0, 691.0 μl/L. In addition, clove leaf, cinnamon leaf and hinoki essential oils were the best three oils to inhibit the mycelia growth of both isolates of F. proliferatum. IC_(50) of the three essential oils on 5-3 and C-1 isolates was as follows: 225.7, 248.2, 395.2 μl/L and 270.5, 280.8, 293.7 μl/ L, respectively. Those results reveal that essential oils derived from plants have a high potential in protection of plant diseases caused by F. proliferatum.

並列關鍵字

Plant essential oil ； inhibitory concentration ； Fusarium proliferatum ； spore germination ； mycelial growth