取食不同植物葉片秋行軍蟲（Spodoptera frugiperda）（鱗翅目：夜蛾科）之發育

新近入侵台灣之秋行軍蟲（Spodoptera frugiperda（J. E. Smith, 1797）屬鱗翅目（Lepidoptera）夜蛾科（Noctuidae），原產於美洲熱帶與亞熱帶地區，已紀錄可取食76科353種以上植物，為多種農作物栽培之關鍵害蟲，深受各國政府重視。目前本蟲於國內主要危害玉米與高粱等禾本科（Poaceae）作物，雖有食害落花生與薏仁等之案例，但其於非禾本科植物上完成生活史之可能性仍有待釐清。本研究參照動植物防疫檢疫局所列出之秋行軍蟲寄主植物紀錄，蟲源採集自屏東縣車城鄉與嘉義縣六腳鄉，並選取國立嘉義大學蘭潭校區和學生實習農場內之17科共25種常見農園藝植物與雜草，摘採未噴灑農藥的新鮮葉片作為食草，於溫度27 ± 0.5℃、相對溼度70 ± 5%、光週期12:12（L:D）條件下，進行單隻飼育。每日定時觀察並記錄其於不同植物上之幼蟲期、化蛹率、蛹期、蛹重、雌雄蟲個體數及羽化率等。試驗結果顯示可供完成生活史之植物有石蒜科（Amaryllidaceae）的蔥（Allium fistulosum L.）、漆樹科（Anacardiaceae）的檬果（Mangifera indica L.）、十字花科（Brassicaceae）的油菜（Brassica napus L.）、甘藍（B. oleracea var. capitata L.）、小白菜（B. rapa chinensis （L.））、旋花科（Convolvulaceae）的甘藷（Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.）、葫蘆科（Cucurbitaceae）的甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）、豆科（Fabaceae）的落花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）、大豆（Glycine max （L.） Merr.）、金虎尾科（Malpighiaceae）的西印度櫻桃（Malpighia emarginata DC.）、芭蕉科（Musaceae）的食用香蕉（Musa x paradisiacal L.）、禾本科的玉米（Zea mays L.）、薔薇科（Rosaceae）的桃（Prunus persica （L.） Batsch）、茄科（Solanaceae）的番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）、茄子（S. melongena L.）與薑科（Zingiberaceae）的薑（Zingiber officinale Roscoe），但其中飼育甜瓜與桃樹葉片之族群僅有極少數個體羽化，推測此二種作物並非本蟲之合適寄主。而餵食番荔枝科（Annonaceae）的釋迦（Annona squamosa L.）、菊科（Asteraceae）的紫花霍香薊（Ageratum houstonianum Mill.）、大花咸豐草（Bidens pilosa L.）、萵苣（Lactuca sativa L.）、番木瓜科（Caricaceae）的番木瓜（Carica papaya L.）、桃金孃科（Myrtaceae）的番石榴（Psidium guajava L.）、禾本科的葫蘆竹（Bambusa ventricose McClure）、芸香科（Rutaceae）的四季橘（金桔）（Citrofortunella x C. microcarpa（Bunge）Wijnands）與薑科的月桃（Alpinia zerumbet（Pers.） B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm.）葉片之秋行軍蟲族群皆未能完成生活史。本研究結果有助於瞭解此蟲在台灣潛在危害之植物，以供未來防治策略擬定參考。

關鍵字

秋行軍蟲；生活史；寄主植物；發育；台灣

並列摘要

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has recently become an invasive pest in Taiwan. With its polyphagous nature and broad host range, including more than 353 plant species of 76 families, FAW attracts worldwide attention because it causes significant damage on crops from the family Poaceae. To better understand FAW's adaptation and ecology in Taiwan, we tested its potential host range on Poaceae, non-Poaceae crops, weeds and ornamental plants. We recorded the developmental time of immature stages (larva and pupa), sex ratio, pupation and emergence rates, and pupal weight of FAW fed leaves of 25 plant species from 17 families, under laboratory conditions at 27°C, with 70 ± 5% RH and a 12-h/day photoperiod. Using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD, our results show that FAW can complete its life cycle while feeding on the leaves of Allium fistulosum L. (Family: Amaryllidaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Brassica napus L., B. oleracea var. capitata L., B. rapa chinensis (L.) (Brassicaceae), Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam (Convolvulaceae), Cucumis melo L. (Cucurbitaceae), Arachis hypogaea L., Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae), Malpighia emarginata DC. (Malpighiaceae), Musa x paradisiaca L. (Musaceae), Zea mays L. (Poaceae), Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Rosaceae), Solanum lycopersicum L., S. melongena L. (Solanaceae) and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae). However, only a few individuals became adults from the cultures that fed on Cucumis melo and Prunus persica. We suggest that these two crops might not be suitable hosts for FAW. There were nine plant species from seven families which we interpret as nonhosts of FAW because no larvae fed on them became adults: these were Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae), Ageratum houstonianum Mill., Bidens pilosa L., Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae), Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae), Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), Bambusa ventricosa McClure (Poaceae), Citrofortunella x C. microcarpa (Bunge) Wijnands (Rutaceae) and Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm. (Zingiberaceae). This study should enrich our understanding of potential hosts and the development of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs of FAW in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Spodoptera frugiperda ； life history ； host plants ； development ； Taiwan

國際替代計量

取食不同植物葉片秋行軍蟲（Spodoptera frugiperda）（鱗翅目：夜蛾科）之發育

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