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輻射照射處理對不同蟲期花姬捲葉蛾（Eucosma notanthes）（鱗翅目：捲葉蛾科）存活及繁殖之影響
Effects of Gamma Radiation on Survival and Reproduction of the Carambola Fruit Borer, Eucosma notanthes Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
摘要
昆蟲在卵期或幼蟲期等階段經不同劑量的輻射照射處理，可造成其卵孵化率、幼蟲發育期、幼蟲化蛹率、成蟲羽化率以及成蟲繁殖等方面的影響，而達到殺滅害蟲之效果。為探討輻射照射處理應用之可行性，本試驗針對楊桃的關鍵害蟲花姬捲葉蛾（Eucosma notanthes Meyrick）不同齡期進行輻射處理試驗，結果顯示卵期最為敏感，只需76.57 Gy即可達到99.5%之致死率。處理幼蟲之試驗顯示3齡幼蟲較4齡幼蟲敏感，如欲致花姬捲葉蛾3齡和4齡幼蟲無法化蛹，其LD_(99.5)分別為273及381 Gy；然而並非所有蛹均可羽化，因此實際致使幼蟲99.5%無法羽化之劑量只需131 Gy。處理蛹期的試驗顯示，雌蟲較為敏感，其達到99.5%之致死率的劑量需要192 Gy，而雄蟲則需高達400 Gy才能使99.5%的蛹無法羽化。惟處理劑量在150 Gy時，成蟲已無產卵，而處理劑量100 Gy所產蟲卵已無法孵化為幼蟲。根據試驗結果照射處理之劑量達100 Gy即有使成蟲不孕之效果；如要完全殺滅花姬捲葉蛾則需400 Gy的處理劑量，均遠低於世界糧農組織所訂定之安全標準10 kGy，顯見花姬捲葉蛾進行輻射處理殺蟲應是安全無疑慮。如果處理劑量對楊桃品質沒有不良作用，且能將放射處理流程標準化，將可實際應用於花姬捲葉蛾之檢疫處理上。
並列摘要
Eucosma notanthes is an important quarantine pest for exported carambola in Taiwan. To evaluate the possibility of applying gamma irradiation treatment against this pest, the eggs, larvae, and pupae were separately exposed to gamma radiation in the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research's mega curie Co-60 irradiation plant at dosages ranging from 50 to 400 Gy. A dose of 76.57 Gy could prevent 99.5% of eggs from hatching. Prevention of larvae from developing to pupae at the 99.5% level was accomplished with estimated doses of 273 and 381 Gy for third and fourth instar larvae, respectively, while a dose of less than 131 Gy was required for preventing larvae from developing to the adult stage. When pupae were irradiated, adult emergence was completely prevented with doses of 192 and 400 Gy for females and males, respectively. Doses above 100 Gy appeared to produce sterility in this pest. Doses for irradiation quarantine treatment against E. notanthes were substantially lower than 10 kGy, the safety standard of the FAO. We therefore conclude that irradiation treatment is suitable for controlling this pest.
延伸閱讀
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