《左傳》中的「司馬」－論「司馬」與「詩」

Sima in the The Commentary of Zuo: Discussion on ＂Office＂ and ＂Poem＂

劉文強(Liu, Wen-Chiang)

《成大中文學報》 76期 (2022/03) Pp. 1-30

摘要

本人曾為文論《左傳》「賦」字，以為：此事司馬所掌，既付予、且收取小國核定之軍賦，故具有雙向性。又，春秋時代多假會盟以議征伐，車馬之「賦」在其中矣；讌好之際，賓主往復，既有假詩篇以應答，事同司馬之雙向，亦謂之曰「賦」，或「賦詩」。至於「詩」是否為司馬所賦項目，尚未論及，故本篇仍以《左傳》為主，相關資料為輔，論司馬所掌賦事，包括赴告之文、有韻之「詩」，總稱為「志」。由於赴告之文得因某國之志而追書，遂兼及《春秋經》成書相關問題云。另外，在方法方面，除衍生自大數據之巨量文本法之外，補充說明最新使用方法為精準判斷法，先以詳實分析，建立基礎原點；進而比對文獻資料，形塑整體架構；最終進行精準判斷，還原情境背景。

關鍵字

左傳 ； 司馬 ； 賦詩 ； 數位人文 ； 精準判斷

並列摘要

Since Sima (office) was responsible for handing and collecting the military taxes approved by a small kingdom, it has a two-way nature. During the spring and Autumn period, many fake coalitions kingdoms collected military taxes to pay all the expenditures. Guests and hosts communicate with the poetry to answer, and things are two-way with Sima, also known as ＂Fu＂ or ＂poetry.＂ As for whether ＂poetry＂ is a project endowed by Sima, it has not been discussed. Therefore, this article focuses on The Commentary of Zuo, supplemented by relevant materials to discuss the distribution work of Sima, including the articles to be reported and the rhymed ＂poetry,＂ which is called ＂Zhi.＂ In addition, in terms of methods, in addition to numerous texts derived from big data, it is added that the latest use method is the precision ascertain method. First, use detailed practical analysis to establish the primary origin. Then check the literature and plastic the overall frame structure. Finally, make an accurate judgment and return to the original context.

並列關鍵字

The Commentary of Zuo ； Sima ； Reciting Poem ； Digital Humanity ； Precision Ascertain

參考文獻

春秋‧左丘明：《國語》，臺北：宏業書局，1980。

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漢‧杜預注，唐‧陸德明音義，唐‧孔穎達疏：《左傳注疏》，收入清‧阮元校勘：《十三經注疏》第 6 冊，臺北：藝文印書館，2007。[Han] Du Yu [Tang] Lu De Ming [Tang] Kong Ying Da, Zuo Zhuan Zhu Shu [Zuo Zhuan with Commentary and Sub-commentaries] adpt. in [Qing] Ruan Yuan, Shi San Jing Zhu Shu [The Thirteen Classics with Annotations and Sub-commentaries] Vol. 6 (Taipei: Yee Wen Publishing Company, 2007).